{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.01-27.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.01-27.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.01-27.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.01-27.2.html"}],"law_id":69072,"edition_id":1,"section_id":69072,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-27.2","catch_line":"Civil recovery for giving bad check","history":"1985, c. 579; 1988, c. 433; 1992, c. 501; 2002, c. 763; 2008, c. 489; 2013, c. 63.","full_text":"A\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in Chapter 12 (§ 55.1-1200 et seq.) or Chapter 14 (§ 55.1-1400 et seq.) of Title 55.1, in the event a check, draft or order, the payment of which has been refused by the drawee because of lack of funds in or credit with such drawee, is not paid in full within thirty days after receipt by the drawer of (i) written notice by registered, certified, or regular mail with the sender retaining an affidavit of service of mailing or other sufficient proof of mailing, which may be a U.S. Postal Certificate of Mailing or (ii) if for nonpayment of rent under § 55.1-1245 or 55.1-1415, written notice in accordance therewith, from the payee that the check, draft or order has been returned unpaid, the payee may recover from the drawer in a civil action brought by the filing of a warrant in debt, the lesser of $250 or three times the amount of the check, draft or order. The amount recovered as authorized by this section shall be in addition to the amounts authorized for recovery under § 8.01-27.1. No action may be initiated under this section if any action has been initiated under § 18.2-181. The drawer shall be obligated to pay the cost of service and the cost of mailing, as applicable.B\n\nIf an electronic funds transfer has been rejected because of insufficient funds or a stop-payment order has been placed in bad faith by the authorizing party, the authorizing party and the payee shall have the same rights and remedies as if the drawer had issued a bad check under § 8.01-27.1. For purposes of this subsection, “electronic funds transfer” has the same meaning as provided in 15 U.S.C. § 1693(a).","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":250026,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in Chapter 12 (§ 55.1-1200 et seq.) or Chapter 14 (§ 55.1-1400 et seq.) of Title 55.1, in the event a check, draft or order, the payment of which has been refused by the drawee because of lack of funds in or credit with such drawee, is not paid in full within thirty days after receipt by the drawer of (i) written notice by registered, certified, or regular mail with the sender retaining an affidavit of service of mailing or other sufficient proof of mailing, which may be a U.S. Postal Certificate of Mailing or (ii) if for nonpayment of rent under § 55.1-1245 or 55.1-1415, written notice in accordance therewith, from the payee that the check, draft or order has been returned unpaid, the payee may recover from the drawer in a civil action brought by the filing of a warrant in debt, the lesser of $250 or three times the amount of the check, draft or order. The amount recovered as authorized by this section shall be in addition to the amounts authorized for recovery under § 8.01-27.1. No action may be initiated under this section if any action has been initiated under § 18.2-181. The drawer shall be obligated to pay the cost of service and the cost of mailing, as applicable.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":250027,"text":"If an electronic funds transfer has been rejected because of insufficient funds or a stop-payment order has been placed in bad faith by the authorizing party, the authorizing party and the payee shall have the same rights and remedies as if the drawer had issued a bad check under § 8.01-27.1. For purposes of this subsection, “electronic funds transfer” has the same meaning as provided in 15 U.S.C. § 1693(a).","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15725,"edition_id":1,"name":"Actions on Contracts Generally","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12886,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:58:26","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:58:26","permalink":{"id":280373,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15725,"identifier":"2","token":"8.01\/3\/2","url":"\/8.01\/3\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12886,"edition_id":1,"name":"Actions","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12747,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":279635,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12886,"identifier":"3","token":"8.01\/3","url":"\/8.01\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12747,"edition_id":1,"name":"Civil Remedies and Procedure","identifier":"8.01","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":277029,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12747,"identifier":"8.01","token":"8.01","url":"\/8.01\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":60317,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-27","catch_line":"Civil action on note or writing promising to pay money","url":"\/8.01-27\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27","metadata":false},{"id":68293,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-27.1","catch_line":"Additional recovery in certain civil actions concerning checks or rejected electronic funds transfers","url":"\/8.01-27.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27.1","metadata":false},{"id":69072,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-27.2","catch_line":"Civil recovery for giving bad check","url":"\/8.01-27.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27.2","metadata":false},{"id":60921,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-27.3","catch_line":"Evidence in actions regarding issuance of bad check","url":"\/8.01-27.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27.3","metadata":false},{"id":64489,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-27.4","catch_line":"Civil recovery for professional services","url":"\/8.01-27.4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27.4","metadata":false},{"id":71560,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-27.5","catch_line":"Duty of in-network providers to submit claims to health insurers; liability of covered patients for unbilled health care services","url":"\/8.01-27.5\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27.5","metadata":false},{"id":76858,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-28","catch_line":"When judgment to be given in action upon contract or note unless defendant appears and denies claim under oath","url":"\/8.01-28\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-28","metadata":false},{"id":78708,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-29","catch_line":"Procedure in actions on annuity and installment bonds, and other actions for penalties for nonperformance","url":"\/8.01-29\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-29","metadata":false},{"id":68590,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-30","catch_line":"Procedure in actions on contracts made by several persons","url":"\/8.01-30\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-30","metadata":false},{"id":70643,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-31","catch_line":"Accounting in equity","url":"\/8.01-31\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-31","metadata":false},{"id":85088,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-32","catch_line":"Action on lost evidences of debt","url":"\/8.01-32\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-32","metadata":false},{"id":78916,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-33","catch_line":"Equitable relief in certain cases","url":"\/8.01-33\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-33","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":68293,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-27.1","catch_line":"Additional recovery in certain civil actions concerning checks or rejected electronic funds transfers","url":"\/8.01-27.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":60921,"structure_id":15725,"section_number":"8.01-27.3","catch_line":"Evidence in actions regarding issuance of bad check","url":"\/8.01-27.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27.3","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.01-27.2\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1985. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 579 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1985 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1988, chapter 433; in 1992, chapter 501; in 2002, chapter 763<\/a>; in 2008, chapter 489<\/a>; in 2013, chapter 63<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":60662,"section_number":"55.1-1245","catch_line":"(Effective the later of July 1, 2028, or 7 years after the COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency expires) Noncompliance with rental agreement; monetary penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1245\/"},{"id":86825,"section_number":"6.2-2216","catch_line":"Authorized fees and charges","order_by":null,"url":"\/6.2-2216\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":84288,"section_number":"18.2-181","catch_line":"Issuing bad checks, etc., larceny","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-181\/"},{"id":61413,"section_number":"55.1-1200","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1200\/"},{"id":60662,"section_number":"55.1-1245","catch_line":"(Effective the later of July 1, 2028, or 7 years after the COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency expires) Noncompliance with rental agreement; monetary penalty","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1245\/"},{"id":75454,"section_number":"55.1-1400","catch_line":"Applicability; right to terminate tenant","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1400\/"},{"id":67992,"section_number":"55.1-1415","catch_line":"Failure to pay certain rents after five days' notice forfeits right of possession","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1415\/"},{"id":68293,"section_number":"8.01-27.1","catch_line":"Additional recovery in certain civil actions concerning checks or rejected electronic funds transfers","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-27.1\/"}],"permalink":{"id":280383,"object_type":"law","relational_id":69072,"identifier":"8.01-27.2","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27.2","url":"\/8.01-27.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.01-27.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/2\/8.01-27.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Civil recovery for giving bad check","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.01-27.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in Chapter 12 (§ 55.1-1200<\/a> et seq.) or Chapter 14 (§ 55.1-1400<\/a> et seq.) of Title 55.1, in the event a check, draft or order<\/span>, the payment of which has been refused by the drawee because of lack of funds in or credit with such drawee, is not paid in full within thirty days after receipt by the drawer of (i) written notice by registered, certified, or regular mail with the sender retaining an affidavit<\/span> of service of mailing or other sufficient proof of mailing, which may be a U.S. Postal Certificate of Mailing or (ii) if for nonpayment of rent under § 55.1-1245<\/a> or 55.1-1415<\/a>, written notice in accordance therewith, from the payee that the check, draft or order<\/span> has been returned unpaid, the payee may recover from the drawer in a civil action<\/span> brought by the filing of a warrant in debt, the lesser of $250 or three times the amount of the check, draft or order<\/span>. The amount recovered as authorized by this section shall be in addition to the amounts authorized for recovery under § 8.01-27.1<\/a>. No action may be initiated under this section if any action has been initiated under § 18.2-181<\/a>. The drawer shall be obligated to pay the cost of service and the cost of mailing, as applicable. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> If an electronic funds transfer<\/span> has been rejected because of insufficient funds or a stop-payment order<\/span> has been placed in bad faith by the authorizing party<\/span>, the authorizing party<\/span> and the payee shall have the same rights and remedies as if the drawer had issued a bad check under § 8.01-27.1<\/a>. For purposes of this subsection, “electronic funds transfer<\/span>” has the same meaning as provided in 15 U.S.C. § 1693(a). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCIVIL RECOVERY FOR GIVING BAD CHECK (\u00a7 8.01-27.2)\n\nA. Except as otherwise provided in Chapter 12 (§ 55.1-1200 et seq.) or\nChapter 14 (§ 55.1-1400 et seq.) of Title 55.1, in the event a check, draft\nor order, the payment of which has been refused by the drawee because of lack of\nfunds in or credit with such drawee, is not paid in full within thirty days\nafter receipt by the drawer of (i) written notice by registered, certified, or\nregular mail with the sender retaining an affidavit of service of mailing or\nother sufficient proof of mailing, which may be a U.S. Postal Certificate of\nMailing or (ii) if for nonpayment of rent under § 55.1-1245 or 55.1-1415,\nwritten notice in accordance therewith, from the payee that the check, draft or\norder has been returned unpaid, the payee may recover from the drawer in a civil\naction brought by the filing of a warrant in debt, the lesser of $250 or three\ntimes the amount of the check, draft or order. The amount recovered as\nauthorized by this section shall be in addition to the amounts authorized for\nrecovery under § 8.01-27.1. No action may be initiated under this section\nif any action has been initiated under § 18.2-181. The drawer shall be\nobligated to pay the cost of service and the cost of mailing, as applicable.\n\nB. If an electronic funds transfer has been rejected because of insufficient\nfunds or a stop-payment order has been placed in bad faith by the authorizing\nparty, the authorizing party and the payee shall have the same rights and\nremedies as if the drawer had issued a bad check under § 8.01-27.1. For\npurposes of this subsection, “electronic funds transfer” has the\nsame meaning as provided in 15 U.S.C. § 1693(a).\n\nHISTORY: 1985, c. 579; 1988, c. 433; 1992, c. 501; 2002, c. 763; 2008, c. 489;\n2013, c. 63.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}