{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.01-271.1.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.01-271.1.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.01-271.1.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.01-271.1.html"}],"law_id":85673,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85673,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-271.1","catch_line":"Signing of pleadings, motions, and other papers; oral motions; sanctions","history":"1987, cc. 259, 682; 1998, c. 596; 2008, cc. 136, 845; 2018, c. 59; 2020, cc. 74, 351; 2024, c. 20.","full_text":"A\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in §§ 16.1-260 and 63.2-1901, every pleading, motion, or other paper of a party represented by an attorney shall be signed by at least one attorney of record who is an active member in good standing of the Virginia State Bar in his individual name, and the attorney’s address shall be stated on the first pleading filed by that attorney in the action. A party who is not represented by an attorney, including a person confined in a state or local correctional facility proceeding pro se, shall sign his pleading, motion, or other paper and state his address. The signature of a person other than counsel of record who is an active member in good standing of the Virginia State Bar or a pro se litigant is not a valid signature. A minor who is not represented by an attorney shall sign his pleading, motion, or other paper by his next friend. Either or both parents of such minor may sign on behalf of such minor as his next friend. However, a parent may not sign on behalf of a minor if such signature is otherwise prohibited by subdivision 6 of § 64.2-716. The signature required by this section may be an electronic signature as defined in § 59.1-480 or a digital image of a signature. If a pleading, motion, or other paper is not signed in compliance with this paragraph, it is defective. Such a defect renders the pleading, motion, or other paper voidable.B\n\nThe signature of an attorney or party constitutes a certificate by him that (i) he has read the pleading, motion, or other paper, (ii) to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, formed after reasonable inquiry, it is well grounded in fact and is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law, and (iii) it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.C\n\nAn oral motion made by an attorney or party in any court of the Commonwealth constitutes a representation by him that (i) to the best of his knowledge, information and belief formed after reasonable inquiry it is well grounded in fact and is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification or reversal of existing law, and (ii) it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.D\n\nIf a pleading, motion, or other paper is signed or made in violation of this section, the court, upon motion or upon its own initiative, shall impose upon the person who signed the paper or made the motion, a represented party, or both, an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay to the other party or parties the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing of the pleading, motion, or other paper or making of the motion, including reasonable attorney fees.E\n\nFailure to raise the issue of a signature defect in a pleading, motion, or other paper before the trial court’s jurisdiction expires pursuant to Rule 1:1 (a) and Rule 1:1B waives any challenge to that pleading, motion, or other paper based on such a defect.F\n\nSignature defects in appellate filings, including the notice of appeal, shall be raised in the appellate court where the appeal is taken. Failure to timely raise the issue of a defective signature in an appellate pleading, motion, or other paper while the case is pending before the appellate court waives any challenge to that pleading, motion, or other paper based on such a defect.G\n\nIf a signature defect is not timely and properly cured after it is brought to the attention of the pleader or movant, the pleading, motion, or other paper is invalid and shall be stricken. A signature defect shall be cured within 21 days after it is brought to the attention of the pleader or movant. If a signature defect is timely and properly cured, the pleading, motion, or other paper shall be valid and relate back to the date it was originally served or filed.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":306833,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in §§ 16.1-260 and 63.2-1901, every pleading, motion, or other paper of a party represented by an attorney shall be signed by at least one attorney of record who is an active member in good standing of the Virginia State Bar in his individual name, and the attorney’s address shall be stated on the first pleading filed by that attorney in the action. A party who is not represented by an attorney, including a person confined in a state or local correctional facility proceeding pro se, shall sign his pleading, motion, or other paper and state his address. The signature of a person other than counsel of record who is an active member in good standing of the Virginia State Bar or a pro se litigant is not a valid signature. A minor who is not represented by an attorney shall sign his pleading, motion, or other paper by his next friend. Either or both parents of such minor may sign on behalf of such minor as his next friend. However, a parent may not sign on behalf of a minor if such signature is otherwise prohibited by subdivision 6 of § 64.2-716. The signature required by this section may be an electronic signature as defined in § 59.1-480 or a digital image of a signature. If a pleading, motion, or other paper is not signed in compliance with this paragraph, it is defective. Such a defect renders the pleading, motion, or other paper voidable.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":306834,"text":"The signature of an attorney or party constitutes a certificate by him that (i) he has read the pleading, motion, or other paper, (ii) to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, formed after reasonable inquiry, it is well grounded in fact and is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law, and (iii) it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":306835,"text":"An oral motion made by an attorney or party in any court of the Commonwealth constitutes a representation by him that (i) to the best of his knowledge, information and belief formed after reasonable inquiry it is well grounded in fact and is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the extension, modification or reversal of existing law, and (ii) it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B","next_prefix":"D"},"3":{"id":306836,"text":"If a pleading, motion, or other paper is signed or made in violation of this section, the court, upon motion or upon its own initiative, shall impose upon the person who signed the paper or made the motion, a represented party, or both, an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay to the other party or parties the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing of the pleading, motion, or other paper or making of the motion, including reasonable attorney fees.","type":"section","prefixes":["D"],"prefix":"D","entire_prefix":"D","prefix_anchor":"D","level":1,"prior_prefix":"C","next_prefix":"E"},"4":{"id":306837,"text":"Failure to raise the issue of a signature defect in a pleading, motion, or other paper before the trial court’s jurisdiction expires pursuant to Rule 1:1 (a) and Rule 1:1B waives any challenge to that pleading, motion, or other paper based on such a defect.","type":"section","prefixes":["E"],"prefix":"E","entire_prefix":"E","prefix_anchor":"E","level":1,"prior_prefix":"D","next_prefix":"F"},"5":{"id":306838,"text":"Signature defects in appellate filings, including the notice of appeal, shall be raised in the appellate court where the appeal is taken. Failure to timely raise the issue of a defective signature in an appellate pleading, motion, or other paper while the case is pending before the appellate court waives any challenge to that pleading, motion, or other paper based on such a defect.","type":"section","prefixes":["F"],"prefix":"F","entire_prefix":"F","prefix_anchor":"F","level":1,"prior_prefix":"E","next_prefix":"G"},"6":{"id":306839,"text":"If a signature defect is not timely and properly cured after it is brought to the attention of the pleader or movant, the pleading, motion, or other paper is invalid and shall be stricken. A signature defect shall be cured within 21 days after it is brought to the attention of the pleader or movant. If a signature defect is timely and properly cured, the pleading, motion, or other paper shall be valid and relate back to the date it was originally served or filed.","type":"section","prefixes":["G"],"prefix":"G","entire_prefix":"G","prefix_anchor":"G","level":1,"prior_prefix":"F"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14084,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pleadings Generally","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13379,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:49","permalink":{"id":281389,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14084,"identifier":"2","token":"8.01\/7\/2","url":"\/8.01\/7\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13379,"edition_id":1,"name":"Civil Actions; Commencement, Pleadings, and Motions","identifier":"7","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12747,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:45","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:45","permalink":{"id":281381,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13379,"identifier":"7","token":"8.01\/7","url":"\/8.01\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12747,"edition_id":1,"name":"Civil Remedies and Procedure","identifier":"8.01","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":277029,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12747,"identifier":"8.01","token":"8.01","url":"\/8.01\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74024,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-271","catch_line":"Compliance with Rules of Supreme Court","url":"\/8.01-271\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-271","metadata":false},{"id":62884,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-271.01","catch_line":"Electronic filings in civil actions in circuit court","url":"\/8.01-271.01\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-271.01","metadata":false},{"id":85673,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-271.1","catch_line":"Signing of pleadings, motions, and other papers; oral motions; sanctions","url":"\/8.01-271.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-271.1","metadata":false},{"id":65320,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-272","catch_line":"Pleading several matters; joining tort and contract claims; separate trial in discretion of court; counterclaims","url":"\/8.01-272\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-272","metadata":false},{"id":75731,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-273","catch_line":"Demurrer; form; grounds to be stated; amendment","url":"\/8.01-273\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-273","metadata":false},{"id":83214,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-273.1","catch_line":"Motion for judgment; motion to refer; Virginia Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Act","url":"\/8.01-273.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-273.1","metadata":false},{"id":70583,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-274","catch_line":"Motion to strike defensive pleading in equity and at law; exceptions abolished","url":"\/8.01-274\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-274","metadata":false},{"id":58728,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-274.1","catch_line":"Motion or petition for rule to show cause for violation of court order","url":"\/8.01-274.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-274.1","metadata":false},{"id":63756,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-275","catch_line":"When action or suit not to abate for want of form; what defects not to be regarded","url":"\/8.01-275\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-275","metadata":false},{"id":73252,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-275.1","catch_line":"When service of process is timely","url":"\/8.01-275.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-275.1","metadata":false},{"id":82322,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-276","catch_line":"Demurrer to evidence and plea in abatement abolished; motion to strike evidence and written motion, respectively, to be used in lieu thereof","url":"\/8.01-276\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-276","metadata":false},{"id":55206,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-277","catch_line":"Defective process; motion to quash; untimely service; motion to dismiss","url":"\/8.01-277\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-277","metadata":false},{"id":73896,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-277.1","catch_line":"Objections to personal jurisdiction or defective process; what constitutes waiver","url":"\/8.01-277.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-277.1","metadata":false},{"id":81024,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-278","catch_line":"When plea of infancy not allowed; liability of infants for debts as traders; liability of infants on loans to defray expenses of education","url":"\/8.01-278\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-278","metadata":false},{"id":72991,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-279","catch_line":"When proof is unnecessary unless affidavit filed; handwriting; ownership; partnership or incorporation","url":"\/8.01-279\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-279","metadata":false},{"id":73198,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-280","catch_line":"Pleadings may be sworn to before clerk; affidavit of belief sufficient","url":"\/8.01-280\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-280","metadata":false},{"id":55936,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-281","catch_line":"Pleading in alternative; separate trial on motion of party","url":"\/8.01-281\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-281","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":62884,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-271.01","catch_line":"Electronic filings in civil actions in circuit court","url":"\/8.01-271.01\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-271.01","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":65320,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-272","catch_line":"Pleading several matters; joining tort and contract claims; separate trial in discretion of court; counterclaims","url":"\/8.01-272\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-272","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.01-271.1\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1987. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 259 and 682 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1987 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1998, chapter 596<\/a>; in 2008, chapters 136<\/a> and 845<\/a>; in 2018, chapter 59<\/a>; in 2020, chapters 74<\/a> and 351<\/a>; in 2024, chapter 20<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":80303,"section_number":"16.1-83.1","catch_line":"Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-83.1\/"},{"id":81566,"section_number":"16.1-88.03","catch_line":"Pleadings and other papers by certain parties not represented by attorneys","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-88.03\/"},{"id":79620,"section_number":"24.2-238","catch_line":"Costs","order_by":null,"url":"\/24.2-238\/"},{"id":63450,"section_number":"8.01-20.1","catch_line":"Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-20.1\/"},{"id":63387,"section_number":"8.01-269","catch_line":"Dismissal or satisfaction of same","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-269\/"},{"id":59524,"section_number":"8.01-407","catch_line":"How summons for witness issued and to whom directed; how witness released from subpoena; prior permission of court to summon certain officials and judges","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-407\/"},{"id":60390,"section_number":"8.01-50.1","catch_line":"Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-50.1\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":57160,"section_number":"16.1-260","catch_line":"Intake; petition; investigation","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-260\/"},{"id":69066,"section_number":"59.1-480","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-480\/"},{"id":75830,"section_number":"63.2-1901","catch_line":"Purpose of chapter; powers and duties of the Department","order_by":null,"url":"\/63.2-1901\/"},{"id":70409,"section_number":"64.2-716","catch_line":"Representation by fiduciaries and parents or other ancestors","order_by":null,"url":"\/64.2-716\/"}],"permalink":{"id":281399,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85673,"identifier":"8.01-271.1","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-271.1","url":"\/8.01-271.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.01-271.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-271.1","dublin_core":{"Title":"Signing of pleadings, motions, and other papers; oral motions; sanctions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.01-271.1","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in §§ 16.1-260<\/a> and 63.2-1901<\/a>, every pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper of a party<\/span> represented by an attorney shall be signed by at least one attorney of record who is an active member in good standing of the Virginia State Bar in his individual name, and the attorney’s address shall be stated on the first pleading filed by that attorney in the action<\/span>. A party<\/span> who is not represented by an attorney, including a person<\/span> confined in a state or local correctional facility proceeding pro se<\/span>, shall sign his pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper and state his address. The signature of a person<\/span> other than counsel<\/span> of record who is an active member in good standing of the Virginia State Bar or a pro se<\/span> litigant<\/span> is not a valid signature. A minor<\/span> who is not represented by an attorney shall sign his pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper by his next friend. Either or both parents of such minor<\/span> may sign on behalf of such minor<\/span> as his next friend. However, a parent may not sign on behalf of a minor<\/span> if such signature is otherwise prohibited by subdivision 6 of § 64.2-716<\/a>. The signature required by this section may be an electronic signature as defined in § 59.1-480<\/a> or a digital image of a signature. If a pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper is not signed in compliance with this paragraph, it is defective. Such a defect renders the pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper voidable. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The signature of an attorney or party<\/span> constitutes a certificate by him that (i) he has read the pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper, (ii) to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, formed after reasonable inquiry, it is well grounded in fact<\/span> and is warranted by existing law<\/span> or a good faith argument for the extension, modification, or reversal of existing law<\/span>, and (iii) it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> An oral motion<\/span> made by an attorney or party<\/span> in any court<\/span> of the Commonwealth constitutes a representation by him that (i) to the best of his knowledge, information and belief formed after reasonable inquiry it is well grounded in fact<\/span> and is warranted by existing law<\/span> or a good faith argument for the extension, modification or reversal of existing law<\/span>, and (ii) it is not interposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

D.<\/span> If a pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper is signed or made in violation of this section, the court<\/span>, upon motion<\/span> or upon its own initiative, shall impose upon the person<\/span> who signed the paper or made the motion<\/span>, a represented party<\/span>, or both, an appropriate sanction<\/span>, which may include an order<\/span> to pay to the other party<\/span> or parties the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the filing of the pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper or making of the motion<\/span>, including reasonable attorney fees. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

E.<\/span> Failure to raise the issue<\/span> of a signature defect in a pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper before the trial<\/span> court<\/span>’s jurisdiction<\/span> expires pursuant to Rule 1:1 (a) and Rule 1:1B waives<\/span> any challenge to that pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper based on such a defect. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

F.<\/span> Signature defects in appellate<\/span> filings, including the notice of appeal<\/span>, shall be raised in the appellate<\/span> court<\/span> where the appeal is taken. Failure to timely raise the issue<\/span> of a defective signature in an appellate<\/span> pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper while the case is pending before the appellate<\/span> court<\/span> waives<\/span> any challenge to that pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper based on such a defect. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

G.<\/span> If a signature defect is not timely and properly cured after it is brought to the attention of the pleader or movant, the pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper is invalid and shall be stricken. A signature defect shall be cured within 21 days after it is brought to the attention of the pleader or movant. If a signature defect is timely and properly cured, the pleading, motion<\/span>, or other paper shall be valid and relate back to the date it was originally served or filed. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSIGNING OF PLEADINGS, MOTIONS, AND OTHER PAPERS; ORAL MOTIONS; SANCTIONS (\u00a7\n8.01-271.1)\n\nA. Except as otherwise provided in §§ 16.1-260 and 63.2-1901, every\npleading, motion, or other paper of a party represented by an attorney shall be\nsigned by at least one attorney of record who is an active member in good\nstanding of the Virginia State Bar in his individual name, and the\nattorney’s address shall be stated on the first pleading filed by that\nattorney in the action. A party who is not represented by an attorney, including\na person confined in a state or local correctional facility proceeding pro se,\nshall sign his pleading, motion, or other paper and state his address. The\nsignature of a person other than counsel of record who is an active member in\ngood standing of the Virginia State Bar or a pro se litigant is not a valid\nsignature. A minor who is not represented by an attorney shall sign his\npleading, motion, or other paper by his next friend. Either or both parents of\nsuch minor may sign on behalf of such minor as his next friend. However, a\nparent may not sign on behalf of a minor if such signature is otherwise\nprohibited by subdivision 6 of § 64.2-716. The signature required by this\nsection may be an electronic signature as defined in § 59.1-480 or a\ndigital image of a signature. If a pleading, motion, or other paper is not\nsigned in compliance with this paragraph, it is defective. Such a defect renders\nthe pleading, motion, or other paper voidable.\n\nB. The signature of an attorney or party constitutes a certificate by him that\n(i) he has read the pleading, motion, or other paper, (ii) to the best of his\nknowledge, information and belief, formed after reasonable inquiry, it is well\ngrounded in fact and is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for\nthe extension, modification, or reversal of existing law, and (iii) it is not\ninterposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary\ndelay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.\n\nC. An oral motion made by an attorney or party in any court of the Commonwealth\nconstitutes a representation by him that (i) to the best of his knowledge,\ninformation and belief formed after reasonable inquiry it is well grounded in\nfact and is warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for the\nextension, modification or reversal of existing law, and (ii) it is not\ninterposed for any improper purpose, such as to harass or to cause unnecessary\ndelay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.\n\nD. If a pleading, motion, or other paper is signed or made in violation of this\nsection, the court, upon motion or upon its own initiative, shall impose upon\nthe person who signed the paper or made the motion, a represented party, or\nboth, an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay to the other\nparty or parties the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred because of the\nfiling of the pleading, motion, or other paper or making of the motion,\nincluding reasonable attorney fees.\n\nE. Failure to raise the issue of a signature defect in a pleading, motion, or\nother paper before the trial court’s jurisdiction expires pursuant to Rule\n1:1 (a) and Rule 1:1B waives any challenge to that pleading, motion, or other\npaper based on such a defect.\n\nF. Signature defects in appellate filings, including the notice of appeal, shall\nbe raised in the appellate court where the appeal is taken. Failure to timely\nraise the issue of a defective signature in an appellate pleading, motion, or\nother paper while the case is pending before the appellate court waives any\nchallenge to that pleading, motion, or other paper based on such a defect.\n\nG. If a signature defect is not timely and properly cured after it is brought to\nthe attention of the pleader or movant, the pleading, motion, or other paper is\ninvalid and shall be stricken. A signature defect shall be cured within 21 days\nafter it is brought to the attention of the pleader or movant. If a signature\ndefect is timely and properly cured, the pleading, motion, or other paper shall\nbe valid and relate back to the date it was originally served or filed.\n\nHISTORY: 1987, cc. 259, 682; 1998, c. 596; 2008, cc. 136, 845; 2018, c. 59;\n2020, cc. 74, 351; 2024, c. 20.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}