{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.01-278.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.01-278.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.01-278.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.01-278.html"}],"law_id":81024,"edition_id":1,"section_id":81024,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-278","catch_line":"When plea of infancy not allowed; liability of infants for debts as traders; liability of infants on loans to defray expenses of education","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 8-135, 8-135.1; 1960, c. 78; 1970, c. 7; 1977, c. 617.","full_text":"A\n\nIf any minor now transacting business or who may hereafter transact business as a trader fails to disclose (i) by a sign in letters easy to be read, kept conspicuously posted at the place wherein such business is transacted and (ii) also by a notice published for two weeks in a newspaper meeting the requirements of § 8.01-324, the fact that he is a minor, all property, stock, and choses in action acquired or used in such business shall as to the creditors of any such person be liable for the debts of such person, and no plea of infancy shall be allowed.B\n\nIf any minor shall procure a loan upon the representation in writing that the proceeds thereof are to be expended by such minor to defray any or all expenses incurred by reason of attendance at an institution of higher education, which has been approved by any regional accrediting association which is approved by the United States Office of Education, or by reason of attendance at any school eligible for the guarantee of the State Education Assistance Authority, such minor shall be liable for the repayment thereof as though he were an adult, and no plea of infancy shall be allowed.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":290420,"text":"If any minor now transacting business or who may hereafter transact business as a trader fails to disclose (i) by a sign in letters easy to be read, kept conspicuously posted at the place wherein such business is transacted and (ii) also by a notice published for two weeks in a newspaper meeting the requirements of § 8.01-324, the fact that he is a minor, all property, stock, and choses in action acquired or used in such business shall as to the creditors of any such person be liable for the debts of such person, and no plea of infancy shall be allowed.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":290421,"text":"If any minor shall procure a loan upon the representation in writing that the proceeds thereof are to be expended by such minor to defray any or all expenses incurred by reason of attendance at an institution of higher education, which has been approved by any regional accrediting association which is approved by the United States Office of Education, or by reason of attendance at any school eligible for the guarantee of the State Education Assistance Authority, such minor shall be liable for the repayment thereof as though he were an adult, and no plea of infancy shall be allowed.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14084,"edition_id":1,"name":"Pleadings Generally","identifier":"2","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13379,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:49","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:49","permalink":{"id":281389,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14084,"identifier":"2","token":"8.01\/7\/2","url":"\/8.01\/7\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13379,"edition_id":1,"name":"Civil Actions; Commencement, Pleadings, and Motions","identifier":"7","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12747,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:45","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:45","permalink":{"id":281381,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13379,"identifier":"7","token":"8.01\/7","url":"\/8.01\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12747,"edition_id":1,"name":"Civil Remedies and Procedure","identifier":"8.01","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":277029,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12747,"identifier":"8.01","token":"8.01","url":"\/8.01\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74024,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-271","catch_line":"Compliance with Rules of Supreme Court","url":"\/8.01-271\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-271","metadata":false},{"id":62884,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-271.01","catch_line":"Electronic filings in civil actions in circuit court","url":"\/8.01-271.01\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-271.01","metadata":false},{"id":85673,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-271.1","catch_line":"Signing of pleadings, motions, and other papers; oral motions; sanctions","url":"\/8.01-271.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-271.1","metadata":false},{"id":65320,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-272","catch_line":"Pleading several matters; joining tort and contract claims; separate trial in discretion of court; counterclaims","url":"\/8.01-272\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-272","metadata":false},{"id":75731,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-273","catch_line":"Demurrer; form; grounds to be stated; amendment","url":"\/8.01-273\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-273","metadata":false},{"id":83214,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-273.1","catch_line":"Motion for judgment; motion to refer; Virginia Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Act","url":"\/8.01-273.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-273.1","metadata":false},{"id":70583,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-274","catch_line":"Motion to strike defensive pleading in equity and at law; exceptions abolished","url":"\/8.01-274\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-274","metadata":false},{"id":58728,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-274.1","catch_line":"Motion or petition for rule to show cause for violation of court order","url":"\/8.01-274.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-274.1","metadata":false},{"id":63756,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-275","catch_line":"When action or suit not to abate for want of form; what defects not to be regarded","url":"\/8.01-275\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-275","metadata":false},{"id":73252,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-275.1","catch_line":"When service of process is timely","url":"\/8.01-275.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-275.1","metadata":false},{"id":82322,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-276","catch_line":"Demurrer to evidence and plea in abatement abolished; motion to strike evidence and written motion, respectively, to be used in lieu thereof","url":"\/8.01-276\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-276","metadata":false},{"id":55206,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-277","catch_line":"Defective process; motion to quash; untimely service; motion to dismiss","url":"\/8.01-277\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-277","metadata":false},{"id":73896,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-277.1","catch_line":"Objections to personal jurisdiction or defective process; what constitutes waiver","url":"\/8.01-277.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-277.1","metadata":false},{"id":81024,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-278","catch_line":"When plea of infancy not allowed; liability of infants for debts as traders; liability of infants on loans to defray expenses of education","url":"\/8.01-278\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-278","metadata":false},{"id":72991,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-279","catch_line":"When proof is unnecessary unless affidavit filed; handwriting; ownership; partnership or incorporation","url":"\/8.01-279\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-279","metadata":false},{"id":73198,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-280","catch_line":"Pleadings may be sworn to before clerk; affidavit of belief sufficient","url":"\/8.01-280\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-280","metadata":false},{"id":55936,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-281","catch_line":"Pleading in alternative; separate trial on motion of party","url":"\/8.01-281\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-281","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":73896,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-277.1","catch_line":"Objections to personal jurisdiction or defective process; what constitutes waiver","url":"\/8.01-277.1\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-277.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":72991,"structure_id":14084,"section_number":"8.01-279","catch_line":"When proof is unnecessary unless affidavit filed; handwriting; ownership; partnership or incorporation","url":"\/8.01-279\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-279","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.01-278\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1960, chapter 78; in 1970, chapter 7; in 1977, chapter 617.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":62668,"section_number":"8.01-324","catch_line":"Newspapers that may be used for legal notices and publications","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-324\/"}],"permalink":{"id":281443,"object_type":"law","relational_id":81024,"identifier":"8.01-278","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-278","url":"\/8.01-278\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.01-278\/","token":"8.01\/7\/2\/8.01-278","dublin_core":{"Title":"When plea of infancy not allowed; liability of infants for debts as traders; liability of infants on loans to defray expenses of education","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.01-278","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> If any minor<\/span> now transacting business or who may hereafter transact business as a trader fails to disclose (i) by a sign in letters easy to be read, kept conspicuously posted at the place wherein such business is transacted and (ii) also by a notice published for two weeks in a newspaper meeting the requirements of § 8.01-324<\/a>, the fact<\/span> that he is a minor<\/span>, all property, stock, and choses in action<\/span> acquired or used in such business shall as to the creditors<\/span> of any such person<\/span> be liable for the debts of such person<\/span>, and no plea<\/span> of infancy shall be allowed. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> If any minor<\/span> shall procure a loan upon the representation in writing that the proceeds thereof are to be expended by such minor<\/span> to defray any or all expenses incurred by reason of attendance at an institution of higher education, which has been approved by any regional accrediting association which is approved by the United States Office of Education, or by reason of attendance at any school eligible for the guarantee of the State Education Assistance Authority, such minor<\/span> shall be liable for the repayment thereof as though he were an adult, and no plea<\/span> of infancy shall be allowed. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nWHEN PLEA OF INFANCY NOT ALLOWED; LIABILITY OF INFANTS FOR DEBTS AS TRADERS;\nLIABILITY OF INFANTS ON LOANS TO DEFRAY EXPENSES OF EDUCATION (\u00a7 8.01-278)\n\nA. If any minor now transacting business or who may hereafter transact business\nas a trader fails to disclose (i) by a sign in letters easy to be read, kept\nconspicuously posted at the place wherein such business is transacted and (ii)\nalso by a notice published for two weeks in a newspaper meeting the requirements\nof § 8.01-324, the fact that he is a minor, all property, stock, and choses\nin action acquired or used in such business shall as to the creditors of any\nsuch person be liable for the debts of such person, and no plea of infancy shall\nbe allowed.\n\nB. If any minor shall procure a loan upon the representation in writing that the\nproceeds thereof are to be expended by such minor to defray any or all expenses\nincurred by reason of attendance at an institution of higher education, which\nhas been approved by any regional accrediting association which is approved by\nthe United States Office of Education, or by reason of attendance at any school\neligible for the guarantee of the State Education Assistance Authority, such\nminor shall be liable for the repayment thereof as though he were an adult, and\nno plea of infancy shall be allowed.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 8-135, 8-135.1; 1960, c. 78; 1970, c. 7; 1977, c. 617.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}