{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.01-40.2.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.01-40.2.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.01-40.2.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.01-40.2.html"}],"law_id":57683,"edition_id":1,"section_id":57683,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-40.2","catch_line":"Unsolicited transmission of advertising materials by facsimile machine","history":"1990, c. 246; 2003, c. 800.","full_text":"A\n\nAny person aggrieved by the intentional electronic or telephonic transmission to a facsimile device of unsolicited advertising material may bring an action against the person responsible for the transmission to enjoin further violations and to recover the greater of (i) actual damages sustained, together with costs and reasonable attorneys&#8217; fees, or (ii) $500. Carriers or other companies which provide facsimile transmission services shall not be responsible for transmissions of unsolicited advertising materials by their customers. An action brought pursuant to this section shall be commenced within two years of the transmission.B\n\nAny intentional transmission to a facsimile device of any unsolicited advertising material shall be a violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act (&#xA7; 59.1-196 et seq.).","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":211326,"text":"Any person aggrieved by the intentional electronic or telephonic transmission to a facsimile device of unsolicited advertising material may bring an action against the person responsible for the transmission to enjoin further violations and to recover the greater of (i) actual damages sustained, together with costs and reasonable attorneys&#8217; fees, or (ii) $500. Carriers or other companies which provide facsimile transmission services shall not be responsible for transmissions of unsolicited advertising materials by their customers. An action brought pursuant to this section shall be commenced within two years of the transmission.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":211327,"text":"Any intentional transmission to a facsimile device of any unsolicited advertising material shall be a violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act (&#xA7; 59.1-196 et seq.).","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12887,"edition_id":1,"name":"Injury to Person or Property","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12886,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":280695,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12887,"identifier":"3","token":"8.01\/3\/3","url":"\/8.01\/3\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12886,"edition_id":1,"name":"Actions","identifier":"3","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12747,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":279635,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12886,"identifier":"3","token":"8.01\/3","url":"\/8.01\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12747,"edition_id":1,"name":"Civil Remedies and Procedure","identifier":"8.01","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":277029,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12747,"identifier":"8.01","token":"8.01","url":"\/8.01\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":71526,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-34","catch_line":"When contribution among wrongdoers enforced","url":"\/8.01-34\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-34","metadata":false},{"id":56273,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-35","catch_line":"Damages for loss of income not diminished by reimbursement","url":"\/8.01-35\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-35","metadata":false},{"id":71789,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-35.1","catch_line":"Effect of release or covenant not to sue in respect to liability and contribution","url":"\/8.01-35.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-35.1","metadata":false},{"id":54115,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-36","catch_line":"Joinder of action of tort to infant with action for recovery of expenses incurred thereby and claim for recovery of expenses by infant","url":"\/8.01-36\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-36","metadata":false},{"id":61407,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-37","catch_line":"Recovery of lost wages in action for injuries to emancipated infant","url":"\/8.01-37\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-37","metadata":false},{"id":84122,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-37.1","catch_line":"Claims for medical services provided by United States; proof of reasonable value","url":"\/8.01-37.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-37.1","metadata":false},{"id":74543,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-38","catch_line":"Tort liability of hospitals","url":"\/8.01-38\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-38","metadata":false},{"id":80026,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-38.1","catch_line":"Limitation on recovery of punitive damages","url":"\/8.01-38.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-38.1","metadata":false},{"id":85786,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-39","catch_line":"Completion or acceptance of work not bar to action against independent contractor for personal injury, wrongful death or damage to property","url":"\/8.01-39\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-39","metadata":false},{"id":60815,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-40","catch_line":"Unauthorized use of name or picture of any person; punitive damages; statute of limitations","url":"\/8.01-40\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40","metadata":false},{"id":61512,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-40.1","catch_line":"Action for injury resulting from violation of Computer Crimes Act; limitations","url":"\/8.01-40.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.1","metadata":false},{"id":57683,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-40.2","catch_line":"Unsolicited transmission of advertising materials by facsimile machine","url":"\/8.01-40.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.2","metadata":false},{"id":55073,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-40.3","catch_line":"Unauthorized dissemination, etc., of criminal history record information; civil action","url":"\/8.01-40.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.3","metadata":false},{"id":57913,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-40.4","catch_line":"Civil action for unlawful creation of image of another or unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another","url":"\/8.01-40.4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.4","metadata":false},{"id":62242,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-40.5","catch_line":"Publishing or distributing material harmful to minors on the Internet","url":"\/8.01-40.5\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.5","metadata":false},{"id":75613,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-41","catch_line":"Wrongful distraint, attachment","url":"\/8.01-41\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-41","metadata":false},{"id":54575,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-42","catch_line":"Loss or injury to clothing in dyeing, dry cleaning, or laundering","url":"\/8.01-42\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42","metadata":false},{"id":54010,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-42.1","catch_line":"Civil action for racial, religious, or ethnic harassment, violence or vandalism","url":"\/8.01-42.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.1","metadata":false},{"id":71047,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-42.2","catch_line":"Liability of guest for hotel damage","url":"\/8.01-42.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.2","metadata":false},{"id":70599,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-42.3","catch_line":"Civil action for stalking","url":"\/8.01-42.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.3","metadata":false},{"id":80887,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-42.4","catch_line":"Civil action for trafficking in persons","url":"\/8.01-42.4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.4","metadata":false},{"id":63928,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-42.5","catch_line":"Civil action for female genital mutilation","url":"\/8.01-42.5\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.5","metadata":false},{"id":73227,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-42.6","catch_line":"Liability of employer for personal injury or death by wrongful act","url":"\/8.01-42.6\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-42.6","metadata":false},{"id":83062,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-43","catch_line":"Action against parent for damage to public property by minor","url":"\/8.01-43\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-43","metadata":false},{"id":59911,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-44","catch_line":"Action against parent for damage to private property by minor","url":"\/8.01-44\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44","metadata":false},{"id":73464,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-44.1","catch_line":"Immunity from civil liability of members of certain committees, etc","url":"\/8.01-44.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.1","metadata":false},{"id":72343,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-44.2","catch_line":"Action against physician for vaccine-related injury or death","url":"\/8.01-44.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.2","metadata":false},{"id":78701,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-44.3","catch_line":"Divulgence of communications by qualified interpreters and communications assistants","url":"\/8.01-44.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.3","metadata":false},{"id":83884,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-44.4","catch_line":"Action for shoplifting and employee theft","url":"\/8.01-44.4\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.4","metadata":false},{"id":81010,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-44.5","catch_line":"Punitive damages for persons injured by intoxicated drivers","url":"\/8.01-44.5\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.5","metadata":false},{"id":56974,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-44.6","catch_line":"Action for injury to cemetery property","url":"\/8.01-44.6\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.6","metadata":false},{"id":81782,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-44.7","catch_line":"Action for tampering with metering device and diverting service","url":"\/8.01-44.7\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-44.7","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":61512,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-40.1","catch_line":"Action for injury resulting from violation of Computer Crimes Act; limitations","url":"\/8.01-40.1\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.1","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":55073,"structure_id":12887,"section_number":"8.01-40.3","catch_line":"Unauthorized dissemination, etc., of criminal history record information; civil action","url":"\/8.01-40.3\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.3","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.01-40.2\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1990. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 246 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1990 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2003, chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/legacylis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?031+ful+CHAP0800\">800<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":82977,"section_number":"59.1-200","catch_line":"Prohibited practices","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-200\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":56198,"section_number":"59.1-196","catch_line":"Title","order_by":null,"url":"\/59.1-196\/"}],"permalink":{"id":280741,"object_type":"law","relational_id":57683,"identifier":"8.01-40.2","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.2","url":"\/8.01-40.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.01-40.2\/","token":"8.01\/3\/3\/8.01-40.2","dublin_core":{"Title":"Unsolicited transmission of advertising materials by facsimile machine","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.01-40.2","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"A\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">A.<\/span> Any <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> aggrieved by the intentional electronic or telephonic transmission to a facsimile device of unsolicited advertising <span class=\"dictionary\">material<\/span> may bring an <span class=\"dictionary\">action<\/span> against the <span class=\"dictionary\">person<\/span> responsible for the transmission to enjoin further violations and to recover the greater of (i) actual <span class=\"dictionary\">damages<\/span> sustained, together with costs and reasonable attorneys&#8217; fees, or (ii) $500. Carriers or other companies which provide facsimile transmission services shall not be responsible for transmissions of unsolicited advertising <span class=\"dictionary\">materials<\/span> by their customers. An <span class=\"dictionary\">action<\/span> brought pursuant to this section shall be commenced within two years of the transmission. <a id=\"paragraph-211326\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.01-40.2\/#A\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"B\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">B.<\/span> Any intentional transmission to a facsimile device of any unsolicited advertising <span class=\"dictionary\">material<\/span> shall be a violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Title\" href=\"\/59.1-196\/\">59.1-196<\/a> et seq.). <a id=\"paragraph-211327\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.01-40.2\/#B\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nUNSOLICITED TRANSMISSION OF ADVERTISING MATERIALS BY FACSIMILE MACHINE (\u00a7\n8.01-40.2)\n\nA. Any person aggrieved by the intentional electronic or telephonic transmission\nto a facsimile device of unsolicited advertising material may bring an action\nagainst the person responsible for the transmission to enjoin further violations\nand to recover the greater of (i) actual damages sustained, together with costs\nand reasonable attorneys&#8217; fees, or (ii) $500. Carriers or other companies\nwhich provide facsimile transmission services shall not be responsible for\ntransmissions of unsolicited advertising materials by their customers. An action\nbrought pursuant to this section shall be commenced within two years of the\ntransmission.\n\nB. Any intentional transmission to a facsimile device of any unsolicited\nadvertising material shall be a violation of the Virginia Consumer Protection\nAct (&#xA7; 59.1-196 et seq.).\n\nHISTORY: 1990, c. 246; 2003, c. 800.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}