{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.01-581.22.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.01-581.22.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.01-581.22.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.01-581.22.html"}],"law_id":78455,"edition_id":1,"section_id":78455,"structure_id":14743,"section_number":"8.01-581.22","catch_line":"Confidentiality; exceptions","history":"1988, cc. 623, 857; 2002, c. 718; 2013, cc. 283, 383.","full_text":"All memoranda, work products and other materials contained in the case files of a mediator or mediation program are confidential. Any communication made in or in connection with the mediation, which relates to the controversy being mediated, including screening, intake, and scheduling a mediation, whether made to the mediator, mediation program staff, to a party, or to any other person, is confidential. However, a written mediated agreement signed by the parties shall not be confidential, unless the parties otherwise agree in writing.\n\t\tConfidential materials and communications are not subject to disclosure in discovery or in any judicial or administrative proceeding except (i) where all parties to the mediation agree, in writing, to waive the confidentiality, (ii) in a subsequent action between the mediator or mediation program and a party to the mediation for damages arising out of the mediation, (iii) statements, memoranda, materials and other tangible evidence, otherwise subject to discovery, which were not prepared specifically for use in and actually used in the mediation, (iv) where a threat to inflict bodily injury is made, (v) where communications are intentionally used to plan, attempt to commit, or commit a crime or conceal an ongoing crime, (vi) where an ethics complaint is made against the mediator by a party to the mediation to the extent necessary for the complainant to prove misconduct and the mediator to defend against such complaint, (vii) where communications are sought or offered to prove or disprove a claim or complaint of misconduct or malpractice filed against a party’s legal representative based on conduct occurring during a mediation, (viii) where communications are sought or offered to prove or disprove any of the grounds listed in \u00a7 8.01-581.26 in a proceeding to vacate a mediated agreement, or (ix) as provided by law or rule. The use of attorney work product in a mediation shall not result in a waiver of the attorney work product privilege.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":281233,"text":"All memoranda, work products and other materials contained in the case files of a mediator or mediation program are confidential. Any communication made in or in connection with the mediation, which relates to the controversy being mediated, including screening, intake, and scheduling a mediation, whether made to the mediator, mediation program staff, to a party, or to any other person, is confidential. However, a written mediated agreement signed by the parties shall not be confidential, unless the parties otherwise agree in writing.\n\t\tConfidential materials and communications are not subject to disclosure in discovery or in any judicial or administrative proceeding except (i) where all parties to the mediation agree, in writing, to waive the confidentiality, (ii) in a subsequent action between the mediator or mediation program and a party to the mediation for damages arising out of the mediation, (iii) statements, memoranda, materials and other tangible evidence, otherwise subject to discovery, which were not prepared specifically for use in and actually used in the mediation, (iv) where a threat to inflict bodily injury is made, (v) where communications are intentionally used to plan, attempt to commit, or commit a crime or conceal an ongoing crime, (vi) where an ethics complaint is made against the mediator by a party to the mediation to the extent necessary for the complainant to prove misconduct and the mediator to defend against such complaint, (vii) where communications are sought or offered to prove or disprove a claim or complaint of misconduct or malpractice filed against a party’s legal representative based on conduct occurring during a mediation, (viii) where communications are sought or offered to prove or disprove any of the grounds listed in \u00a7 8.01-581.26 in a proceeding to vacate a mediated agreement, or (ix) as provided by law or rule. The use of attorney work product in a mediation shall not result in a waiver of the attorney work product privilege.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":14743,"edition_id":1,"name":"Mediation","identifier":"21.2","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12747,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:49:40","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:49:40","permalink":{"id":279025,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14743,"identifier":"21.2","token":"8.01\/21.2","url":"\/8.01\/21.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12747,"edition_id":1,"name":"Civil Remedies and Procedure","identifier":"8.01","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:51","permalink":{"id":277029,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12747,"identifier":"8.01","token":"8.01","url":"\/8.01\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":61439,"structure_id":14743,"section_number":"8.01-581.21","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/8.01-581.21\/","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.21","metadata":false},{"id":78455,"structure_id":14743,"section_number":"8.01-581.22","catch_line":"Confidentiality; exceptions","url":"\/8.01-581.22\/","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.22","metadata":false},{"id":71762,"structure_id":14743,"section_number":"8.01-581.23","catch_line":"Civil immunity","url":"\/8.01-581.23\/","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.23","metadata":false},{"id":56472,"structure_id":14743,"section_number":"8.01-581.24","catch_line":"Standards and duties of mediators; confidentiality; liability","url":"\/8.01-581.24\/","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.24","metadata":false},{"id":70435,"structure_id":14743,"section_number":"8.01-581.25","catch_line":"Effect of written settlement agreement","url":"\/8.01-581.25\/","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.25","metadata":false},{"id":58931,"structure_id":14743,"section_number":"8.01-581.26","catch_line":"Vacating orders and agreements","url":"\/8.01-581.26\/","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.26","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":61439,"structure_id":14743,"section_number":"8.01-581.21","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/8.01-581.21\/","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.21","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":71762,"structure_id":14743,"section_number":"8.01-581.23","catch_line":"Civil immunity","url":"\/8.01-581.23\/","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.23","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.01-581.22\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1988. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapters 623 and 857 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1988 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2002, chapter 718<\/a>; in 2013, chapters 283<\/a> and 383<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":58931,"section_number":"8.01-581.26","catch_line":"Vacating orders and agreements","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.01-581.26\/"}],"permalink":{"id":279031,"object_type":"law","relational_id":78455,"identifier":"8.01-581.22","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.22","url":"\/8.01-581.22\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.01-581.22\/","token":"8.01\/21.2\/8.01-581.22","dublin_core":{"Title":"Confidentiality; exceptions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.01-581.22","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

All memoranda, work products and other materials<\/span> contained in the case files<\/span> of a mediator<\/span> or mediation program<\/span> are confidential. Any communication made in or in connection with the mediation, which relates to the controversy being mediated, including screening, intake, and scheduling a mediation, whether made to the mediator<\/span>, mediation program<\/span> staff, to a party<\/span>, or to any other person<\/span>, is confidential. However, a written mediated agreement signed by the parties shall not be confidential, unless the parties otherwise agree in writing.\n\t\tConfidential materials<\/span> and communications are not subject to disclosure in discovery<\/span> or in any judicial or administrative proceeding except (i) where all parties to the mediation agree, in writing, to waive<\/span> the confidentiality, (ii) in a subsequent action<\/span> between the mediator<\/span> or mediation program<\/span> and a party<\/span> to the mediation for damages<\/span> arising out of the mediation, (iii) statements, memoranda, materials<\/span> and other tangible evidence<\/span>, otherwise subject to discovery<\/span>, which were not prepared specifically for use in and actually used in the mediation, (iv) where a threat to inflict bodily injury is made, (v) where communications are intentionally used to plan, attempt to commit, or commit a crime<\/span> or conceal an ongoing crime<\/span>, (vi) where an ethics complaint is made against the mediator<\/span> by a party<\/span> to the mediation to the extent necessary for the complainant to prove misconduct and the mediator<\/span> to defend against such complaint, (vii) where communications are sought or offered to prove or disprove a claim or complaint of misconduct or malpractice filed against a party<\/span>’s legal representative based on conduct occurring during a mediation, (viii) where communications are sought or offered to prove or disprove any of the grounds listed in \u00a7 8.01-581.26<\/a> in a proceeding to vacate a mediated agreement, or (ix) as provided by law<\/span> or rule. The use of attorney work product in a mediation shall not result in a waiver<\/span> of the attorney work product privilege<\/span>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCONFIDENTIALITY; EXCEPTIONS (\u00a7 8.01-581.22)\n\nAll memoranda, work products and other materials contained in the case files of\na mediator or mediation program are confidential. Any communication made in or\nin connection with the mediation, which relates to the controversy being\nmediated, including screening, intake, and scheduling a mediation, whether made\nto the mediator, mediation program staff, to a party, or to any other person, is\nconfidential. However, a written mediated agreement signed by the parties shall\nnot be confidential, unless the parties otherwise agree in writing.\n\t\tConfidential materials and communications are not subject to disclosure in\ndiscovery or in any judicial or administrative proceeding except (i) where all\nparties to the mediation agree, in writing, to waive the confidentiality, (ii)\nin a subsequent action between the mediator or mediation program and a party to\nthe mediation for damages arising out of the mediation, (iii) statements,\nmemoranda, materials and other tangible evidence, otherwise subject to\ndiscovery, which were not prepared specifically for use in and actually used in\nthe mediation, (iv) where a threat to inflict bodily injury is made, (v) where\ncommunications are intentionally used to plan, attempt to commit, or commit a\ncrime or conceal an ongoing crime, (vi) where an ethics complaint is made\nagainst the mediator by a party to the mediation to the extent necessary for the\ncomplainant to prove misconduct and the mediator to defend against such\ncomplaint, (vii) where communications are sought or offered to prove or disprove\na claim or complaint of misconduct or malpractice filed against a party’s\nlegal representative based on conduct occurring during a mediation, (viii) where\ncommunications are sought or offered to prove or disprove any of the grounds\nlisted in \u00a7 8.01-581.26 in a proceeding to vacate a mediated agreement, or (ix)\nas provided by law or rule. The use of attorney work product in a mediation\nshall not result in a waiver of the attorney work product privilege.\n\nHISTORY: 1988, cc. 623, 857; 2002, c. 718; 2013, cc. 283, 383.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}