{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.1A-202.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.1A-202.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.1A-202.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.1A-202.html"}],"law_id":73844,"edition_id":1,"section_id":73844,"structure_id":16315,"section_number":"8.1A-202","catch_line":"Notice; knowledge","history":"1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.1-201 (25)-(27); 1973, c. 509; 1984, c. 613; 1991, c. 536; 1992, c. 693; 2000, c. 1007; 2003, c. 353.","full_text":"a\n\nSubject to subsection (f), a person has “notice” of a fact if the person:1\n\nhas actual knowledge of it;2\n\nhas received a notice or notification of it; or3\n\nfrom all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know that it exists.b\n\n“Knowledge” means actual knowledge. “Knows” has a corresponding meaning.c\n\n“Discover,” “learn,” or words of similar import refer to knowledge rather than to reason to know.d\n\nA person “notifies” or “gives” a notice or notification to another person by taking such steps as may be reasonably required to inform the other person in ordinary course, whether or not the other person actually comes to know of it.e\n\nSubject to subsection (f), a person “receives” a notice or notification when:1\n\nit comes to that person’s attention; or2\n\nit is duly delivered in a form reasonable under the circumstances at the place of business through which the contract was made or at another location held out by that person as the place for receipt of such communications.f\n\nNotice, knowledge, or a notice or notification received by an organization is effective for a particular transaction from the time it is brought to the attention of the individual conducting that transaction and, in any event, from the time it would have been brought to the individual’s attention if the organization had exercised due diligence. An organization exercises due diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the person conducting the transaction and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Due diligence does not require an individual acting for the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual’s regular duties or the individual has reason to know of the transaction and that the transaction would be materially affected by the information.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":265518,"text":"Subject to subsection (f), a person has “notice” of a fact if the person:","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"a1"},"1":{"id":265519,"text":"has actual knowledge of it;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"a1","prefix_anchor":"a1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"a2"},"2":{"id":265520,"text":"has received a notice or notification of it; or","type":"section","prefixes":["a","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"a2","prefix_anchor":"a2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a1","next_prefix":"a3"},"3":{"id":265521,"text":"from all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know that it exists.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"a3","prefix_anchor":"a3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a2","next_prefix":"b"},"4":{"id":265522,"text":"“Knowledge” means actual knowledge. “Knows” has a corresponding meaning.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a3","next_prefix":"c"},"5":{"id":265523,"text":"“Discover,” “learn,” or words of similar import refer to knowledge rather than to reason to know.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"d"},"6":{"id":265524,"text":"A person “notifies” or “gives” a notice or notification to another person by taking such steps as may be reasonably required to inform the other person in ordinary course, whether or not the other person actually comes to know of it.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c","next_prefix":"e"},"7":{"id":265525,"text":"Subject to subsection (f), a person “receives” a notice or notification when:","type":"section","prefixes":["e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"e","prefix_anchor":"e","level":1,"prior_prefix":"d","next_prefix":"e1"},"8":{"id":265526,"text":"it comes to that person’s attention; or","type":"section","prefixes":["e","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"e1","prefix_anchor":"e1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"e","next_prefix":"e2"},"9":{"id":265527,"text":"it is duly delivered in a form reasonable under the circumstances at the place of business through which the contract was made or at another location held out by that person as the place for receipt of such communications.","type":"section","prefixes":["e","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"e2","prefix_anchor":"e2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"e1","next_prefix":"f"},"10":{"id":265528,"text":"Notice, knowledge, or a notice or notification received by an organization is effective for a particular transaction from the time it is brought to the attention of the individual conducting that transaction and, in any event, from the time it would have been brought to the individual’s attention if the organization had exercised due diligence. An organization exercises due diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the person conducting the transaction and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Due diligence does not require an individual acting for the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual’s regular duties or the individual has reason to know of the transaction and that the transaction would be materially affected by the information.","type":"section","prefixes":["f"],"prefix":"f","entire_prefix":"f","prefix_anchor":"f","level":1,"prior_prefix":"e2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":16315,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Definitions and Principles of Interpretation","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13286,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 04:13:44","date_modified":"2026-06-26 04:13:44","permalink":{"id":281863,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":16315,"identifier":"2","token":"8.1A\/2","url":"\/8.1A\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13286,"edition_id":1,"name":"Uniform Commercial Code \u2014 General Provisions","identifier":"8.1A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:34","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:34","permalink":{"id":281827,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13286,"identifier":"8.1A","token":"8.1A","url":"\/8.1A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":78062,"structure_id":16315,"section_number":"8.1A-201","catch_line":"General definitions","url":"\/8.1A-201\/","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-201","metadata":false},{"id":73844,"structure_id":16315,"section_number":"8.1A-202","catch_line":"Notice; knowledge","url":"\/8.1A-202\/","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-202","metadata":false},{"id":66676,"structure_id":16315,"section_number":"8.1A-203","catch_line":"Lease distinguished from security interest","url":"\/8.1A-203\/","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-203","metadata":false},{"id":81149,"structure_id":16315,"section_number":"8.1A-204","catch_line":"Value","url":"\/8.1A-204\/","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-204","metadata":false},{"id":75646,"structure_id":16315,"section_number":"8.1A-205","catch_line":"Reasonable time; seasonableness","url":"\/8.1A-205\/","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-205","metadata":false},{"id":86393,"structure_id":16315,"section_number":"8.1A-206","catch_line":"Presumptions","url":"\/8.1A-206\/","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-206","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":78062,"structure_id":16315,"section_number":"8.1A-201","catch_line":"General definitions","url":"\/8.1A-201\/","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-201","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":66676,"structure_id":16315,"section_number":"8.1A-203","catch_line":"Lease distinguished from security interest","url":"\/8.1A-203\/","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-203","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.1A-202\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 6 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1973, chapter 509; in 1984, chapter 613; in 1991, chapter 536; in 1992, chapter 693; in 2000, chapter 1007<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 353<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":76938,"section_number":"29.1-733.2","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/29.1-733.2\/"},{"id":59405,"section_number":"8.4A-106","catch_line":"Time payment order is received","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-106\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":281869,"object_type":"law","relational_id":73844,"identifier":"8.1A-202","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-202","url":"\/8.1A-202\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.1A-202\/","token":"8.1A\/2\/8.1A-202","dublin_core":{"Title":"Notice; knowledge","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.1A-202","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> Subject to subsection (f), a person has “notice” of a fact<\/span> if the person: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> has actual knowledge<\/span> of it; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> has received a notice or notification of it; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> from all the facts<\/span> and circumstances known to the person at the time in question, has reason to know that it exists. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> “Knowledge<\/span>” means actual knowledge<\/span>. “Knows<\/span>” has a corresponding meaning. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> “Discover,” “learn,” or words of similar import refer to knowledge<\/span> rather than to reason to know. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> A person “notifies” or “gives” a notice or notification to another person by taking such steps as may be reasonably required to inform the other person in ordinary course, whether or not the other person actually comes to know of it. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

e.<\/span> Subject to subsection (f), a person “receives” a notice or notification when: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> it comes to that person’s attention; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> it is duly delivered in a form reasonable under the circumstances at the place of business through which the contract<\/span> was made or at another location held out by that person as the place for receipt of such communications. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

f.<\/span> Notice, knowledge<\/span>, or a notice or notification received by an organization is effective for a particular transaction from the time it is brought to the attention of the individual conducting that transaction and, in any event, from the time it would have been brought to the individual’s attention if the organization had exercised due diligence. An organization exercises due diligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant information to the person conducting the transaction and there is reasonable compliance with the routines. Due diligence does not require an individual acting for the organization to communicate information unless the communication is part of the individual’s regular duties or the individual has reason to know of the transaction and that the transaction would be materially affected by the information. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nNOTICE; KNOWLEDGE (\u00a7 8.1A-202)\n\na. Subject to subsection (f), a person has “notice” of a fact if the\nperson:\n\n 1. has actual knowledge of it;\n\n 2. has received a notice or notification of it; or\n\n 3. from all the facts and circumstances known to the person at the time in\n question, has reason to know that it exists.\n\nb. “Knowledge” means actual knowledge. “Knows” has a\ncorresponding meaning.\n\nc. “Discover,” “learn,” or words of similar import refer\nto knowledge rather than to reason to know.\n\nd. A person “notifies” or “gives” a notice or\nnotification to another person by taking such steps as may be reasonably\nrequired to inform the other person in ordinary course, whether or not the other\nperson actually comes to know of it.\n\ne. Subject to subsection (f), a person “receives” a notice or\nnotification when:\n\n 1. it comes to that person’s attention; or\n\n 2. it is duly delivered in a form reasonable under the circumstances at the\n place of business through which the contract was made or at another location\n held out by that person as the place for receipt of such communications.\n\nf. Notice, knowledge, or a notice or notification received by an organization is\neffective for a particular transaction from the time it is brought to the\nattention of the individual conducting that transaction and, in any event, from\nthe time it would have been brought to the individual’s attention if the\norganization had exercised due diligence. An organization exercises due\ndiligence if it maintains reasonable routines for communicating significant\ninformation to the person conducting the transaction and there is reasonable\ncompliance with the routines. Due diligence does not require an individual\nacting for the organization to communicate information unless the communication\nis part of the individual’s regular duties or the individual has reason to\nknow of the transaction and that the transaction would be materially affected by\nthe information.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.1-201 (25)-(27); 1973, c. 509; 1984, c. 613; 1991,\nc. 536; 1992, c. 693; 2000, c. 1007; 2003, c. 353.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}