{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.2-103.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.2-103.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.2-103.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.2-103.html"}],"law_id":73102,"edition_id":1,"section_id":73102,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-103","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","history":"1964, c. 219; 2000, c. 1007; 2003, c. 353; 2004, c. 200.","full_text":"1\n\nIn this title unless the context otherwise requires:a\n\n“Buyer” means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods.b\n\n“Good faith” in the case of a merchant means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade.c\n\n“Receipt” of goods means taking physical possession of them.d\n\n“Seller” means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods.2\n\nOther definitions applying to this title or to specified parts thereof, and the sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance.”§ 8.2-606.\n\t\t\t“Banker’s credit.”§ 8.2-325.\n\t\t\t“Between merchants.”§ 8.2-104.\n\t\t\t“Cancellation.”§ 8.2-106 (4).\n\t\t\t“Commercial unit.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Confirmed credit.”§ 8.2-325.\n\t\t\t“Conforming to contract.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Contract for sale.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Cover.”§ 8.2-712.\n\t\t\t“Entrusting.”§ 8.2-403.\n\t\t\t“Financing agency.”§ 8.2-104.\n\t\t\t“Future goods.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Goods.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Identification.”§ 8.2-501.\n\t\t\t“Installment contract.”§ 8.2-612.\n\t\t\t“Letter of credit.”§ 8.2-325.\n\t\t\t“Lot.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Merchant.”§ 8.2-104.\n\t\t\t“Overseas.”§ 8.2-323.\n\t\t\t“Person in position of seller.”§ 8.2-707.\n\t\t\t“Present sale.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Sale.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Sale on approval.”§ 8.2-326.\n\t\t\t“Sale or return.”§ 8.2-326.\n\t\t\t“Termination.”§ 8.2-106.3\n\nThe following definitions in other titles apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Check.”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Consignee.”§ 8.7-102.\n\t\t\t“Consignor.”§ 8.7-102.\n\t\t\t“Consumer goods.”§ 8.9A-102.\n\t\t\t“Control.”§ 8.7-106.\n\t\t\t“Dishonor.”§ 8.3A-502.\n\t\t\t“Draft.”§ 8.3A-104.4\n\nIn addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":263236,"text":"In this title unless the context otherwise requires:","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"1a"},"1":{"id":263237,"text":"“Buyer” means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods.","type":"section","prefixes":["1","a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"1a","prefix_anchor":"1a","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"1b"},"2":{"id":263238,"text":"“Good faith” in the case of a merchant means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade.","type":"section","prefixes":["1","b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"1b","prefix_anchor":"1b","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1a","next_prefix":"1c"},"3":{"id":263239,"text":"“Receipt” of goods means taking physical possession of them.","type":"section","prefixes":["1","c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"1c","prefix_anchor":"1c","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1b","next_prefix":"1d"},"4":{"id":263240,"text":"“Seller” means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods.","type":"section","prefixes":["1","d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"1d","prefix_anchor":"1d","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1c","next_prefix":"2"},"5":{"id":263241,"text":"Other definitions applying to this title or to specified parts thereof, and the sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance.”§ 8.2-606.\n\t\t\t“Banker’s credit.”§ 8.2-325.\n\t\t\t“Between merchants.”§ 8.2-104.\n\t\t\t“Cancellation.”§ 8.2-106 (4).\n\t\t\t“Commercial unit.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Confirmed credit.”§ 8.2-325.\n\t\t\t“Conforming to contract.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Contract for sale.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Cover.”§ 8.2-712.\n\t\t\t“Entrusting.”§ 8.2-403.\n\t\t\t“Financing agency.”§ 8.2-104.\n\t\t\t“Future goods.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Goods.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Identification.”§ 8.2-501.\n\t\t\t“Installment contract.”§ 8.2-612.\n\t\t\t“Letter of credit.”§ 8.2-325.\n\t\t\t“Lot.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Merchant.”§ 8.2-104.\n\t\t\t“Overseas.”§ 8.2-323.\n\t\t\t“Person in position of seller.”§ 8.2-707.\n\t\t\t“Present sale.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Sale.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Sale on approval.”§ 8.2-326.\n\t\t\t“Sale or return.”§ 8.2-326.\n\t\t\t“Termination.”§ 8.2-106.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1d","next_prefix":"3"},"6":{"id":263242,"text":"The following definitions in other titles apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Check.”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Consignee.”§ 8.7-102.\n\t\t\t“Consignor.”§ 8.7-102.\n\t\t\t“Consumer goods.”§ 8.9A-102.\n\t\t\t“Control.”§ 8.7-106.\n\t\t\t“Dishonor.”§ 8.3A-502.\n\t\t\t“Draft.”§ 8.3A-104.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"7":{"id":263243,"text":"In addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14581,"edition_id":1,"name":"Short Title, General Construction and Subject Matter","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13346,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:45","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:45","permalink":{"id":281933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14581,"identifier":"1","token":"8.2\/1","url":"\/8.2\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13346,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code - Sales","identifier":"8.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","permalink":{"id":281931,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13346,"identifier":"8.2","token":"8.2","url":"\/8.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":56075,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.2-101\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-101","metadata":false},{"id":57935,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-102","catch_line":"Scope; certain security and other transactions excluded from this title","url":"\/8.2-102\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-102","metadata":false},{"id":73102,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-103","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","url":"\/8.2-103\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-103","metadata":false},{"id":70757,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-104","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Merchant\"; \"financing agency\"; \"between merchants.\"","url":"\/8.2-104\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-104","metadata":false},{"id":85296,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-105","catch_line":"Definitions: Transferability; \"goods\"; \"future\" goods; \"lot\"; \"commercial unit.\"","url":"\/8.2-105\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-105","metadata":false},{"id":81888,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-106","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Contract\"; \"agreement\"; \"contract for sale\"; \"sale\"; \"present sale\"; \"conforming\" to contract; \"termination\"; \"cancellation\"; \"hybrid transaction.\"","url":"\/8.2-106\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-106","metadata":false},{"id":87174,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-107","catch_line":"Goods to be severed from realty; recording","url":"\/8.2-107\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-107","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":57935,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-102","catch_line":"Scope; certain security and other transactions excluded from this title","url":"\/8.2-102\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-102","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":70757,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-104","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Merchant\"; \"financing agency\"; \"between merchants.\"","url":"\/8.2-104\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-104","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2-103\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2000, chapter 1007<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 353<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 200<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":86552,"section_number":"8.2A-103","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2A-103\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":70757,"section_number":"8.2-104","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Merchant\"; \"financing agency\"; \"between merchants.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-104\/"},{"id":85296,"section_number":"8.2-105","catch_line":"Definitions: Transferability; \"goods\"; \"future\" goods; \"lot\"; \"commercial unit.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-105\/"},{"id":81888,"section_number":"8.2-106","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Contract\"; \"agreement\"; \"contract for sale\"; \"sale\"; \"present sale\"; \"conforming\" to contract; \"termination\"; \"cancellation\"; \"hybrid transaction.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-106\/"},{"id":67730,"section_number":"8.2-323","catch_line":"Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment; \"Overseas.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-323\/"},{"id":54445,"section_number":"8.2-325","catch_line":"\"Letter of credit\" term; \"confirmed credit.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-325\/"},{"id":65818,"section_number":"8.2-326","catch_line":"Sale on approval and sale or return; rights of creditors","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-326\/"},{"id":72662,"section_number":"8.2-403","catch_line":"Power to transfer; good faith purchase of goods; \"entrusting.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-403\/"},{"id":87157,"section_number":"8.2-501","catch_line":"Insurable interest in goods; manner of identification of goods","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-501\/"},{"id":62398,"section_number":"8.2-606","catch_line":"What constitutes acceptance of goods","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-606\/"},{"id":54438,"section_number":"8.2-612","catch_line":"\"Installment contract\"; breach","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-612\/"},{"id":76676,"section_number":"8.2-707","catch_line":"\"Person in the position of a seller.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-707\/"},{"id":76129,"section_number":"8.2-712","catch_line":"\"Cover\"; buyer's procurement of substitute goods","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-712\/"},{"id":82039,"section_number":"8.3A-104","catch_line":"Negotiable instrument","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-104\/"},{"id":60859,"section_number":"8.3A-502","catch_line":"Dishonor","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-502\/"},{"id":67942,"section_number":"8.7-102","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.7-102\/"},{"id":67103,"section_number":"8.7-106","catch_line":"Control of electronic document","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.7-106\/"},{"id":58431,"section_number":"8.9A-102","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-102\/"}],"permalink":{"id":281943,"object_type":"law","relational_id":73102,"identifier":"8.2-103","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-103","url":"\/8.2-103\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2-103\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-103","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions and index of definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2-103","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> In this title unless the context otherwise requires: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> “Buyer<\/span>” means a person who buys or contracts<\/span> to buy goods. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> “Good faith<\/span>” in the case of a merchant means honesty in fact<\/span> and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> “Receipt<\/span>” of goods means taking physical possession<\/span> of them. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> “Seller<\/span>” means a person who sells or contracts<\/span> to sell goods. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Other definitions applying to this title or to specified parts thereof, and the sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance.”§ 8.2-606<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Banker’s credit.”§ 8.2-325<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Between merchants.”§ 8.2-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Cancellation.”§ 8.2-106<\/a> (4).\n\t\t\t“Commercial unit.”§ 8.2-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Confirmed credit.”§ 8.2-325<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Conforming to contract<\/span>.”§ 8.2-106<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Contract<\/span> for sale.”§ 8.2-106<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Cover.”§ 8.2-712<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Entrusting.”§ 8.2-403<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Financing agency.”§ 8.2-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Future goods.”§ 8.2-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Goods.”§ 8.2-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Identification.”§ 8.2-501<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Installment contract<\/span>.”§ 8.2-612<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Letter of credit.”§ 8.2-325<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Lot.”§ 8.2-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Merchant.”§ 8.2-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Overseas.”§ 8.2-323<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Person in position of seller<\/span>.”§ 8.2-707<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Present sale.”§ 8.2-106<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Sale.”§ 8.2-106<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Sale on approval.”§ 8.2-326<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Sale or return.”§ 8.2-326<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Termination.”§ 8.2-106<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> The following definitions in other titles apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Check.”§ 8.3A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Consignee.”§ 8.7-102<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Consignor.”§ 8.7-102<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Consumer goods.”§ 8.9A-102<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Control.”§ 8.7-106<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Dishonor.”§ 8.3A-502<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Draft.”§ 8.3A-104<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> In addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS AND INDEX OF DEFINITIONS (\u00a7 8.2-103)\n\n1. In this title unless the context otherwise requires:\n\n a. “Buyer” means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods.\n\n b. “Good faith” in the case of a merchant means honesty in fact\n and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the\n trade.\n\n c. “Receipt” of goods means taking physical possession of them.\n\n d. “Seller” means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods.\n\n2. Other definitions applying to this title or to specified parts thereof, and\nthe sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance.”§ 8.2-606.\n\t\t\t“Banker’s credit.”§ 8.2-325.\n\t\t\t“Between merchants.”§ 8.2-104.\n\t\t\t“Cancellation.”§ 8.2-106 (4).\n\t\t\t“Commercial unit.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Confirmed credit.”§ 8.2-325.\n\t\t\t“Conforming to contract.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Contract for sale.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Cover.”§ 8.2-712.\n\t\t\t“Entrusting.”§ 8.2-403.\n\t\t\t“Financing agency.”§ 8.2-104.\n\t\t\t“Future goods.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Goods.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Identification.”§ 8.2-501.\n\t\t\t“Installment contract.”§ 8.2-612.\n\t\t\t“Letter of credit.”§ 8.2-325.\n\t\t\t“Lot.”§ 8.2-105.\n\t\t\t“Merchant.”§ 8.2-104.\n\t\t\t“Overseas.”§ 8.2-323.\n\t\t\t“Person in position of seller.”§ 8.2-707.\n\t\t\t“Present sale.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Sale.”§ 8.2-106.\n\t\t\t“Sale on approval.”§ 8.2-326.\n\t\t\t“Sale or return.”§ 8.2-326.\n\t\t\t“Termination.”§ 8.2-106.\n\n3. The following definitions in other titles apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Check.”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Consignee.”§ 8.7-102.\n\t\t\t“Consignor.”§ 8.7-102.\n\t\t\t“Consumer goods.”§ 8.9A-102.\n\t\t\t“Control.”§ 8.7-106.\n\t\t\t“Dishonor.”§ 8.3A-502.\n\t\t\t“Draft.”§ 8.3A-104.\n\n4. In addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of\nconstruction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219; 2000, c. 1007; 2003, c. 353; 2004, c. 200.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}