{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.2-105.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.2-105.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.2-105.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.2-105.html"}],"law_id":85296,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85296,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-105","catch_line":"Definitions: Transferability; “goods”; “future” goods; “lot”; “commercial unit.”","history":"1964, c. 219.","full_text":"1\n\n“Goods” means all things (including specially manufactured goods) which are movable at the time of identification to the contract for sale other than the money in which the price is to be paid, investment securities (Title 8.8A) and things in action. “Goods” also includes the unborn young of animals and growing crops and other identified things attached to realty as described in the section on goods to be severed from realty (§ 8.2-107).2\n\nGoods must be both existing and identified before any interest in them can pass. Goods which are not both existing and identified are “future” goods. A purported present sale of future goods or of any interest therein operates as a contract to sell.3\n\nThere may be a sale of a part interest in existing identified goods.4\n\nAn undivided share in an identified bulk of fungible goods is sufficiently identified to be sold although the quantity of the bulk is not determined. Any agreed proportion of such a bulk or any quantity thereof agreed upon by number, weight or other measure may to the extent of the seller’s interest in the bulk be sold to the buyer who then becomes an owner in common.5\n\n“Lot” means a parcel or a single article which is the subject matter of a separate sale or delivery, whether or not it is sufficient to perform the contract.6\n\n“Commercial unit” means such a unit of goods as by commercial usage is a single whole for purposes of sale and division of which materially impairs its character or value on the market or in use. A commercial unit may be a single article (as a machine) or a set of articles (as a suite of furniture or an assortment of sizes) or a quantity (as a bale, gross, or carload) or any other unit treated in use or in the relevant market as a single whole.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":305623,"text":"“Goods” means all things (including specially manufactured goods) which are movable at the time of identification to the contract for sale other than the money in which the price is to be paid, investment securities (Title 8.8A) and things in action. “Goods” also includes the unborn young of animals and growing crops and other identified things attached to realty as described in the section on goods to be severed from realty (§ 8.2-107).","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"2"},"1":{"id":305624,"text":"Goods must be both existing and identified before any interest in them can pass. Goods which are not both existing and identified are “future” goods. A purported present sale of future goods or of any interest therein operates as a contract to sell.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"2":{"id":305625,"text":"There may be a sale of a part interest in existing identified goods.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"3":{"id":305626,"text":"An undivided share in an identified bulk of fungible goods is sufficiently identified to be sold although the quantity of the bulk is not determined. Any agreed proportion of such a bulk or any quantity thereof agreed upon by number, weight or other measure may to the extent of the seller’s interest in the bulk be sold to the buyer who then becomes an owner in common.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3","next_prefix":"5"},"4":{"id":305627,"text":"“Lot” means a parcel or a single article which is the subject matter of a separate sale or delivery, whether or not it is sufficient to perform the contract.","type":"section","prefixes":["5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"5","prefix_anchor":"5","level":1,"prior_prefix":"4","next_prefix":"6"},"5":{"id":305628,"text":"“Commercial unit” means such a unit of goods as by commercial usage is a single whole for purposes of sale and division of which materially impairs its character or value on the market or in use. A commercial unit may be a single article (as a machine) or a set of articles (as a suite of furniture or an assortment of sizes) or a quantity (as a bale, gross, or carload) or any other unit treated in use or in the relevant market as a single whole.","type":"section","prefixes":["6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"6","prefix_anchor":"6","level":1,"prior_prefix":"5"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14581,"edition_id":1,"name":"Short Title, General Construction and Subject Matter","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13346,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:45","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:45","permalink":{"id":281933,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14581,"identifier":"1","token":"8.2\/1","url":"\/8.2\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13346,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code - Sales","identifier":"8.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","permalink":{"id":281931,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13346,"identifier":"8.2","token":"8.2","url":"\/8.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":56075,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.2-101\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-101","metadata":false},{"id":57935,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-102","catch_line":"Scope; certain security and other transactions excluded from this title","url":"\/8.2-102\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-102","metadata":false},{"id":73102,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-103","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","url":"\/8.2-103\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-103","metadata":false},{"id":70757,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-104","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Merchant\"; \"financing agency\"; \"between merchants.\"","url":"\/8.2-104\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-104","metadata":false},{"id":85296,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-105","catch_line":"Definitions: Transferability; \"goods\"; \"future\" goods; \"lot\"; \"commercial unit.\"","url":"\/8.2-105\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-105","metadata":false},{"id":81888,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-106","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Contract\"; \"agreement\"; \"contract for sale\"; \"sale\"; \"present sale\"; \"conforming\" to contract; \"termination\"; \"cancellation\"; \"hybrid transaction.\"","url":"\/8.2-106\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-106","metadata":false},{"id":87174,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-107","catch_line":"Goods to be severed from realty; recording","url":"\/8.2-107\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-107","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":70757,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-104","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Merchant\"; \"financing agency\"; \"between merchants.\"","url":"\/8.2-104\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-104","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":81888,"structure_id":14581,"section_number":"8.2-106","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Contract\"; \"agreement\"; \"contract for sale\"; \"sale\"; \"present sale\"; \"conforming\" to contract; \"termination\"; \"cancellation\"; \"hybrid transaction.\"","url":"\/8.2-106\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-106","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2-105\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":[{"id":73102,"section_number":"8.2-103","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-103\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":87174,"section_number":"8.2-107","catch_line":"Goods to be severed from realty; recording","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-107\/"}],"permalink":{"id":281951,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85296,"identifier":"8.2-105","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-105","url":"\/8.2-105\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2-105\/","token":"8.2\/1\/8.2-105","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions: Transferability; “goods”; “future” goods; “lot”; “commercial unit.”","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2-105","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> “Goods<\/span>” means all things (including specially manufactured goods<\/span>) which are movable at the time of identification to the contract<\/span> for sale other than the money in which the price is to be paid, investment securities (Title 8.8A) and things in action. “Goods<\/span>” also includes the unborn young of animals and growing crops and other identified things attached to realty as described in the section on goods<\/span> to be severed from realty (§ 8.2-107<\/a>). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Goods<\/span> must be both existing and identified before any interest in them can pass. Goods<\/span> which are not both existing and identified are “future” goods<\/span>. A purported present sale of future goods<\/span> or of any interest therein operates as a contract<\/span> to sell. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> There may be a sale of a part interest in existing identified goods<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> An undivided share in an identified bulk of fungible goods<\/span> is sufficiently identified to be sold although the quantity of the bulk is not determined. Any agreed proportion of such a bulk or any quantity thereof agreed upon by number, weight or other measure may to the extent of the seller’s interest in the bulk be sold to the buyer who then becomes an owner in common. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> “Lot<\/span>” means a parcel or a single article which is the subject matter of a separate sale or delivery, whether or not it is sufficient to perform the contract<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> “Commercial unit<\/span>” means such a unit of goods<\/span> as by commercial usage is a single whole for purposes of sale and division of which materially impairs its character or value on the market or in use. A commercial unit<\/span> may be a single article (as a machine) or a set of articles (as a suite of furniture or an assortment of sizes) or a quantity (as a bale, gross, or carload) or any other unit treated in use or in the relevant market as a single whole. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS: TRANSFERABILITY; “GOODS”; “FUTURE” GOODS;\n“LOT”; “COMMERCIAL UNIT.” (\u00a7 8.2-105)\n\n1. “Goods” means all things (including specially manufactured goods)\nwhich are movable at the time of identification to the contract for sale other\nthan the money in which the price is to be paid, investment securities (Title\n8.8A) and things in action. “Goods” also includes the unborn young\nof animals and growing crops and other identified things attached to realty as\ndescribed in the section on goods to be severed from realty (§ 8.2-107).\n\n2. Goods must be both existing and identified before any interest in them can\npass. Goods which are not both existing and identified are “future”\ngoods. A purported present sale of future goods or of any interest therein\noperates as a contract to sell.\n\n3. There may be a sale of a part interest in existing identified goods.\n\n4. An undivided share in an identified bulk of fungible goods is sufficiently\nidentified to be sold although the quantity of the bulk is not determined. Any\nagreed proportion of such a bulk or any quantity thereof agreed upon by number,\nweight or other measure may to the extent of the seller’s interest in the\nbulk be sold to the buyer who then becomes an owner in common.\n\n5. “Lot” means a parcel or a single article which is the subject\nmatter of a separate sale or delivery, whether or not it is sufficient to\nperform the contract.\n\n6. “Commercial unit” means such a unit of goods as by commercial\nusage is a single whole for purposes of sale and division of which materially\nimpairs its character or value on the market or in use. A commercial unit may be\na single article (as a machine) or a set of articles (as a suite of furniture or\nan assortment of sizes) or a quantity (as a bale, gross, or carload) or any\nother unit treated in use or in the relevant market as a single whole.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}