{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.2-202.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.2-202.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.2-202.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.2-202.html"}],"law_id":67343,"edition_id":1,"section_id":67343,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-202","catch_line":"Final expression; parol or extrinsic evidence","history":"1964, c. 219; 2003, c. 353; 2024, c. 652.","full_text":"Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise set forth in a record intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein may not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented:\n\na\n\nby course of performance, course of dealing or usage of trade (§ 8.1A-303); andb\n\nby evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court finds the record to have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":244023,"text":"Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise set forth in a record intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein may not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented:","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"a"},"1":{"id":244024,"text":"by course of performance, course of dealing or usage of trade (§ 8.1A-303); and","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"b"},"2":{"id":244025,"text":"by evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court finds the record to have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14578,"edition_id":1,"name":"Form, Formation and Readjustment of Contract","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13346,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:48:45","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:48:45","permalink":{"id":281963,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14578,"identifier":"2","token":"8.2\/2","url":"\/8.2\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13346,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code - Sales","identifier":"8.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","permalink":{"id":281931,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13346,"identifier":"8.2","token":"8.2","url":"\/8.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66381,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-201","catch_line":"Formal requirements; statute of frauds","url":"\/8.2-201\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-201","metadata":false},{"id":67343,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-202","catch_line":"Final expression; parol or extrinsic evidence","url":"\/8.2-202\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-202","metadata":false},{"id":85087,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-203","catch_line":"Seals inoperative","url":"\/8.2-203\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-203","metadata":false},{"id":81020,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-204","catch_line":"Formation in general","url":"\/8.2-204\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-204","metadata":false},{"id":82181,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-205","catch_line":"Firm offers","url":"\/8.2-205\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-205","metadata":false},{"id":70423,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-206","catch_line":"Offer and acceptance in formation of contract","url":"\/8.2-206\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-206","metadata":false},{"id":83629,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-207","catch_line":"Additional terms in acceptance or confirmation","url":"\/8.2-207\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-207","metadata":false},{"id":56068,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-208","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.2-208\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-208","metadata":false},{"id":78234,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-209","catch_line":"Modification, rescission, and waiver","url":"\/8.2-209\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-209","metadata":false},{"id":68268,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-210","catch_line":"Delegation of performance; assignment of rights","url":"\/8.2-210\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-210","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":66381,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-201","catch_line":"Formal requirements; statute of frauds","url":"\/8.2-201\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-201","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":85087,"structure_id":14578,"section_number":"8.2-203","catch_line":"Seals inoperative","url":"\/8.2-203\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-203","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2-202\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2003, chapter 353<\/a>; in 2024, chapter 652<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":76874,"section_number":"8.2-316","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-316\/"},{"id":65818,"section_number":"8.2-326","catch_line":"Sale on approval and sale or return; rights of creditors","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-326\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":86324,"section_number":"8.1A-303","catch_line":"Course of performance, course of dealing, and usage of trade","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.1A-303\/"}],"permalink":{"id":281969,"object_type":"law","relational_id":67343,"identifier":"8.2-202","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-202","url":"\/8.2-202\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2-202\/","token":"8.2\/2\/8.2-202","dublin_core":{"Title":"Final expression; parol or extrinsic evidence","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2-202","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Terms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or which are otherwise set forth in a record intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein may not be contradicted by evidence<\/span> of any prior agreement or of a contemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented:<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> by course of performance, course of dealing or usage of trade (§ 8.1A-303<\/a>); and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> by evidence<\/span> of consistent additional terms unless the court<\/span> finds the record to have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nFINAL EXPRESSION; PAROL OR EXTRINSIC EVIDENCE (\u00a7 8.2-202)\n\nTerms with respect to which the confirmatory memoranda of the parties agree or\nwhich are otherwise set forth in a record intended by the parties as a final\nexpression of their agreement with respect to such terms as are included therein\nmay not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or of a\ncontemporaneous oral agreement but may be explained or supplemented:\n\na. by course of performance, course of dealing or usage of trade (§\n8.1A-303); and\n\nb. by evidence of consistent additional terms unless the court finds the record\nto have been intended also as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of\nthe agreement.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219; 2003, c. 353; 2024, c. 652.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}