{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.2-314.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.2-314.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.2-314.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.2-314.html"}],"law_id":68050,"edition_id":1,"section_id":68050,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-314","catch_line":"Implied warranty: Merchantability; usage of trade","history":"1964, c. 219.","full_text":"1\n\nUnless excluded or modified (§ 8.2-316), a warranty that the goods shall be merchantable is implied in a contract for their sale if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind. Under this section the serving for value of food or drink to be consumed either on the premises or elsewhere is a sale.2\n\nGoods to be merchantable must be at least such asa\n\npass without objection in the trade under the contract description; andb\n\nin the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description; andc\n\nare fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used; andd\n\nrun, within the variations permitted by the agreement, of even kind, quality and quantity within each unit and among all units involved; ande\n\nare adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the agreement may require; andf\n\nconform to the promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or label if any.3\n\nUnless excluded or modified (§ 8.2-316) other implied warranties may arise from course of dealing or usage of trade.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":246366,"text":"Unless excluded or modified (§ 8.2-316), a warranty that the goods shall be merchantable is implied in a contract for their sale if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind. Under this section the serving for value of food or drink to be consumed either on the premises or elsewhere is a sale.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"2"},"1":{"id":246367,"text":"Goods to be merchantable must be at least such as","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"2a"},"2":{"id":246368,"text":"pass without objection in the trade under the contract description; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"2a","prefix_anchor":"2a","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"2b"},"3":{"id":246369,"text":"in the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"2b","prefix_anchor":"2b","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2a","next_prefix":"2c"},"4":{"id":246370,"text":"are fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"2c","prefix_anchor":"2c","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2b","next_prefix":"2d"},"5":{"id":246371,"text":"run, within the variations permitted by the agreement, of even kind, quality and quantity within each unit and among all units involved; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"2d","prefix_anchor":"2d","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2c","next_prefix":"2e"},"6":{"id":246372,"text":"are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the agreement may require; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"2e","prefix_anchor":"2e","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2d","next_prefix":"2f"},"7":{"id":246373,"text":"conform to the promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or label if any.","type":"section","prefixes":["2","f"],"prefix":"f","entire_prefix":"2f","prefix_anchor":"2f","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2e","next_prefix":"3"},"8":{"id":246374,"text":"Unless excluded or modified (§ 8.2-316) other implied warranties may arise from course of dealing or usage of trade.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2f"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13347,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Obligation and Construction of Contract","identifier":"3","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13346,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","permalink":{"id":282005,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13347,"identifier":"3","token":"8.2\/3","url":"\/8.2\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13346,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code - Sales","identifier":"8.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","permalink":{"id":281931,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13346,"identifier":"8.2","token":"8.2","url":"\/8.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":70824,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-301","catch_line":"General obligations of parties","url":"\/8.2-301\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-301","metadata":false},{"id":60131,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-302","catch_line":"Unconscionable contract or clause","url":"\/8.2-302\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-302","metadata":false},{"id":80974,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-303","catch_line":"Allocation or division of risks","url":"\/8.2-303\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-303","metadata":false},{"id":66647,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-304","catch_line":"Price payable in money, goods, realty, or otherwise","url":"\/8.2-304\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-304","metadata":false},{"id":70062,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-305","catch_line":"Open price term","url":"\/8.2-305\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-305","metadata":false},{"id":75282,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-306","catch_line":"Output, requirements and exclusive dealings","url":"\/8.2-306\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-306","metadata":false},{"id":61996,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-307","catch_line":"Delivery in single lot or several lots","url":"\/8.2-307\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-307","metadata":false},{"id":56146,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-308","catch_line":"Absence of specified place for delivery","url":"\/8.2-308\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-308","metadata":false},{"id":83587,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-309","catch_line":"Absence of specific time provisions; 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usage of trade","url":"\/8.2-314\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-314","metadata":false},{"id":86545,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-315","catch_line":"Implied warranty: Fitness for particular purpose","url":"\/8.2-315\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-315","metadata":false},{"id":76874,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-316","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","url":"\/8.2-316\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-316","metadata":false},{"id":59470,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-317","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied","url":"\/8.2-317\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-317","metadata":false},{"id":54328,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-317.1","catch_line":"Use of warranty registration cards","url":"\/8.2-317.1\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-317.1","metadata":false},{"id":55090,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-318","catch_line":"When lack of privity no defense in action against manufacturer or seller of goods","url":"\/8.2-318\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-318","metadata":false},{"id":82484,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-319","catch_line":"F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms","url":"\/8.2-319\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-319","metadata":false},{"id":76323,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-320","catch_line":"C.I.F. and C. & F. terms","url":"\/8.2-320\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-320","metadata":false},{"id":55652,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-321","catch_line":"C.I.F. or C. & F.: \"Net landed weights\"; \"payment on arrival\"; warranty of condition on arrival","url":"\/8.2-321\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-321","metadata":false},{"id":63317,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-322","catch_line":"Delivery \"ex-ship.\"","url":"\/8.2-322\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-322","metadata":false},{"id":67730,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-323","catch_line":"Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment; \"Overseas.\"","url":"\/8.2-323\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-323","metadata":false},{"id":70759,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-324","catch_line":"\"No arrival, no sale\" term","url":"\/8.2-324\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-324","metadata":false},{"id":54445,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-325","catch_line":"\"Letter of credit\" term; \"confirmed credit.\"","url":"\/8.2-325\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-325","metadata":false},{"id":65818,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-326","catch_line":"Sale on approval and sale or return; rights of creditors","url":"\/8.2-326\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-326","metadata":false},{"id":58489,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-327","catch_line":"Special incidents of sale on approval and sale or return","url":"\/8.2-327\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-327","metadata":false},{"id":80896,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-328","catch_line":"Sale by auction","url":"\/8.2-328\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-328","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":80432,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-313","catch_line":"Express warranties by affirmation, promise, description, sample","url":"\/8.2-313\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-313","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":86545,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-315","catch_line":"Implied warranty: Fitness for particular purpose","url":"\/8.2-315\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-315","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2-314\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":76874,"section_number":"8.2-316","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-316\/"}],"permalink":{"id":282059,"object_type":"law","relational_id":68050,"identifier":"8.2-314","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-314","url":"\/8.2-314\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2-314\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-314","dublin_core":{"Title":"Implied warranty: Merchantability; usage of trade","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2-314","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Unless excluded or modified (§ 8.2-316<\/a>), a warranty that the goods shall be merchantable is implied in a contract<\/span> for their sale if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind. Under this section the serving for value of food or drink to be consumed either on the premises or elsewhere is a sale. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Goods to be merchantable must be at least such as <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> pass without objection in the trade under the contract<\/span> description; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> in the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> are fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> run, within the variations permitted by the agreement, of even kind, quality and quantity within each unit and among all units involved; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

e.<\/span> are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the agreement may require; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

f.<\/span> conform to the promises or affirmations of fact<\/span> made on the container or label if any. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Unless excluded or modified (§ 8.2-316<\/a>) other implied warranties may arise from course of dealing or usage of trade. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nIMPLIED WARRANTY: MERCHANTABILITY; USAGE OF TRADE (\u00a7 8.2-314)\n\n1. Unless excluded or modified (§ 8.2-316), a warranty that the goods shall\nbe merchantable is implied in a contract for their sale if the seller is a\nmerchant with respect to goods of that kind. Under this section the serving for\nvalue of food or drink to be consumed either on the premises or elsewhere is a\nsale.\n\n2. Goods to be merchantable must be at least such as\n\n a. pass without objection in the trade under the contract description; and\n\n b. in the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the\n description; and\n\n c. are fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used; and\n\n d. run, within the variations permitted by the agreement, of even kind,\n quality and quantity within each unit and among all units involved; and\n\n e. are adequately contained, packaged, and labeled as the agreement may\n require; and\n\n f. conform to the promises or affirmations of fact made on the container or\n label if any.\n\n3. Unless excluded or modified (§ 8.2-316) other implied warranties may\narise from course of dealing or usage of trade.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}