{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.2-320.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.2-320.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.2-320.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.2-320.html"}],"law_id":76323,"edition_id":1,"section_id":76323,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-320","catch_line":"C.I.F. and C. &#038; F. terms","history":"1964, c. 219.","full_text":"1\n\nThe term C.I.F. means that the price includes in a lump sum the cost of the goods and the insurance and freight to the named destination. The term C. &amp; F. or C.F. means that the price so includes cost and freight to the named destination.2\n\nUnless otherwise agreed and even though used only in connection with the stated price and destination, the term C.I.F. destination or its equivalent requires the seller at his own expense and risk toa\n\nput the goods into the possession of a carrier at the port for shipment and obtain a negotiable bill or bills of lading covering the entire transportation to the named destination; andb\n\nload the goods and obtain a receipt from the carrier (which may be contained in the bill of lading) showing that the freight has been paid or provided for; andc\n\nobtain a policy or certificate of insurance, including any war risk insurance, of a kind and on terms then current at the port of shipment in the usual amount, in the currency of the contract, shown to cover the same goods covered by the bill of lading and providing for payment of loss to the order of the buyer or for the account of whom it may concern; but the seller may add to the price the amount of the premium for any such war risk insurance; andd\n\nprepare an invoice of the goods and procure any other documents required to effect shipment or to comply with the contract; ande\n\nforward and tender with commercial promptness all the documents in due form and with any endorsement necessary to perfect the buyer&#8217;s rights.3\n\nUnless otherwise agreed the term C. &amp; F. or its equivalent has the same effect and imposes upon the seller the same obligations and risks as a C.I.F. term except the obligation as to insurance.4\n\nUnder the term C.I.F. or C. &amp; F. unless otherwise agreed the buyer must make payment against tender of the required documents and the seller may not tender nor the buyer demand delivery of the goods in substitution for the documents.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":273992,"text":"The term C.I.F. means that the price includes in a lump sum the cost of the goods and the insurance and freight to the named destination. The term C. &amp; F. or C.F. means that the price so includes cost and freight to the named destination.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"2"},"1":{"id":273993,"text":"Unless otherwise agreed and even though used only in connection with the stated price and destination, the term C.I.F. destination or its equivalent requires the seller at his own expense and risk to","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"2a"},"2":{"id":273994,"text":"put the goods into the possession of a carrier at the port for shipment and obtain a negotiable bill or bills of lading covering the entire transportation to the named destination; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"2a","prefix_anchor":"2a","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"2b"},"3":{"id":273995,"text":"load the goods and obtain a receipt from the carrier (which may be contained in the bill of lading) showing that the freight has been paid or provided for; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"2b","prefix_anchor":"2b","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2a","next_prefix":"2c"},"4":{"id":273996,"text":"obtain a policy or certificate of insurance, including any war risk insurance, of a kind and on terms then current at the port of shipment in the usual amount, in the currency of the contract, shown to cover the same goods covered by the bill of lading and providing for payment of loss to the order of the buyer or for the account of whom it may concern; but the seller may add to the price the amount of the premium for any such war risk insurance; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"2c","prefix_anchor":"2c","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2b","next_prefix":"2d"},"5":{"id":273997,"text":"prepare an invoice of the goods and procure any other documents required to effect shipment or to comply with the contract; and","type":"section","prefixes":["2","d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"2d","prefix_anchor":"2d","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2c","next_prefix":"2e"},"6":{"id":273998,"text":"forward and tender with commercial promptness all the documents in due form and with any endorsement necessary to perfect the buyer&#8217;s rights.","type":"section","prefixes":["2","e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"2e","prefix_anchor":"2e","level":2,"prior_prefix":"2d","next_prefix":"3"},"7":{"id":273999,"text":"Unless otherwise agreed the term C. &amp; F. or its equivalent has the same effect and imposes upon the seller the same obligations and risks as a C.I.F. term except the obligation as to insurance.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2e","next_prefix":"4"},"8":{"id":274000,"text":"Under the term C.I.F. or C. &amp; F. unless otherwise agreed the buyer must make payment against tender of the required documents and the seller may not tender nor the buyer demand delivery of the goods in substitution for the documents.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13347,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Obligation and Construction of Contract","identifier":"3","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13346,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","permalink":{"id":282005,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13347,"identifier":"3","token":"8.2\/3","url":"\/8.2\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13346,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code - Sales","identifier":"8.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","permalink":{"id":281931,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13346,"identifier":"8.2","token":"8.2","url":"\/8.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":70824,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-301","catch_line":"General obligations of parties","url":"\/8.2-301\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-301","metadata":false},{"id":60131,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-302","catch_line":"Unconscionable contract or clause","url":"\/8.2-302\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-302","metadata":false},{"id":80974,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-303","catch_line":"Allocation or division of risks","url":"\/8.2-303\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-303","metadata":false},{"id":66647,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-304","catch_line":"Price payable in money, goods, realty, or otherwise","url":"\/8.2-304\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-304","metadata":false},{"id":70062,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-305","catch_line":"Open price term","url":"\/8.2-305\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-305","metadata":false},{"id":75282,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-306","catch_line":"Output, requirements and exclusive dealings","url":"\/8.2-306\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-306","metadata":false},{"id":61996,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-307","catch_line":"Delivery in single lot or several lots","url":"\/8.2-307\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-307","metadata":false},{"id":56146,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-308","catch_line":"Absence of specified place for delivery","url":"\/8.2-308\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-308","metadata":false},{"id":83587,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-309","catch_line":"Absence of specific time provisions; notice of termination","url":"\/8.2-309\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-309","metadata":false},{"id":82835,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-310","catch_line":"Open time for payment or running of credit; authority to ship under reservation","url":"\/8.2-310\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-310","metadata":false},{"id":68859,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-311","catch_line":"Options and cooperation respecting performance","url":"\/8.2-311\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-311","metadata":false},{"id":82723,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-312","catch_line":"Warranty of title and against infringement; buyer's obligation against infringement","url":"\/8.2-312\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-312","metadata":false},{"id":80432,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-313","catch_line":"Express warranties by affirmation, promise, description, sample","url":"\/8.2-313\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-313","metadata":false},{"id":68050,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-314","catch_line":"Implied warranty: Merchantability; usage of trade","url":"\/8.2-314\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-314","metadata":false},{"id":86545,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-315","catch_line":"Implied warranty: Fitness for particular purpose","url":"\/8.2-315\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-315","metadata":false},{"id":76874,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-316","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","url":"\/8.2-316\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-316","metadata":false},{"id":59470,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-317","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied","url":"\/8.2-317\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-317","metadata":false},{"id":54328,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-317.1","catch_line":"Use of warranty registration cards","url":"\/8.2-317.1\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-317.1","metadata":false},{"id":55090,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-318","catch_line":"When lack of privity no defense in action against manufacturer or seller of goods","url":"\/8.2-318\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-318","metadata":false},{"id":82484,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-319","catch_line":"F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms","url":"\/8.2-319\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-319","metadata":false},{"id":76323,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-320","catch_line":"C.I.F. and C. & F. terms","url":"\/8.2-320\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-320","metadata":false},{"id":55652,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-321","catch_line":"C.I.F. or C. & F.: \"Net landed weights\"; \"payment on arrival\"; warranty of condition on arrival","url":"\/8.2-321\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-321","metadata":false},{"id":63317,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-322","catch_line":"Delivery \"ex-ship.\"","url":"\/8.2-322\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-322","metadata":false},{"id":67730,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-323","catch_line":"Form of bill of lading required in overseas shipment; \"Overseas.\"","url":"\/8.2-323\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-323","metadata":false},{"id":70759,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-324","catch_line":"\"No arrival, no sale\" term","url":"\/8.2-324\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-324","metadata":false},{"id":54445,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-325","catch_line":"\"Letter of credit\" term; \"confirmed credit.\"","url":"\/8.2-325\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-325","metadata":false},{"id":65818,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-326","catch_line":"Sale on approval and sale or return; rights of creditors","url":"\/8.2-326\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-326","metadata":false},{"id":58489,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-327","catch_line":"Special incidents of sale on approval and sale or return","url":"\/8.2-327\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-327","metadata":false},{"id":80896,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-328","catch_line":"Sale by auction","url":"\/8.2-328\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-328","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":82484,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-319","catch_line":"F.O.B. and F.A.S. terms","url":"\/8.2-319\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-319","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":55652,"structure_id":13347,"section_number":"8.2-321","catch_line":"C.I.F. or C. & F.: \"Net landed weights\"; \"payment on arrival\"; warranty of condition on arrival","url":"\/8.2-321\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-321","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2-320\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":282087,"object_type":"law","relational_id":76323,"identifier":"8.2-320","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-320","url":"\/8.2-320\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2-320\/","token":"8.2\/3\/8.2-320","dublin_core":{"Title":"C.I.F. and C. &#038; F. terms","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2-320","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">1.<\/span> The term C.I.F. means that the price includes in a lump sum the cost of the goods and the insurance and freight to the named destination. The term C. &amp; F. or C.F. means that the price so includes cost and freight to the named destination. <a id=\"paragraph-273992\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-320\/#1\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">2.<\/span> Unless otherwise agreed and even though used only in connection with the stated price and destination, the term C.I.F. destination or its equivalent requires the seller at his own expense and risk to <a id=\"paragraph-273993\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-320\/#2\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2a\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">a.<\/span> put the goods into the <span class=\"dictionary\">possession<\/span> of a carrier at the port for shipment and obtain a negotiable bill or bills of lading covering the entire transportation to the named destination; and <a id=\"paragraph-273994\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-320\/#2a\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2b\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">b.<\/span> load the goods and obtain a receipt from the carrier (which may be contained in the bill of lading) showing that the freight has been paid or provided for; and <a id=\"paragraph-273995\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-320\/#2b\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2c\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">c.<\/span> obtain a policy or certificate of insurance, including any war risk insurance, of a kind and on terms then current at the port of shipment in the usual amount, in the currency of the <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span>, shown to cover the same goods covered by the bill of lading and providing for payment of loss to the <span class=\"dictionary\">order<\/span> of the buyer or for the account of whom it may concern; but the seller may add to the price the amount of the premium for any such war risk insurance; and <a id=\"paragraph-273996\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-320\/#2c\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2d\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">d.<\/span> prepare an invoice of the goods and procure any other documents required to effect shipment or to comply with the <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span>; and <a id=\"paragraph-273997\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-320\/#2d\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"2e\" class=\"indent-1\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">e.<\/span> forward and tender with commercial promptness all the documents in due form and with any endorsement necessary to perfect the buyer&#8217;s rights. <a id=\"paragraph-273998\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-320\/#2e\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"3\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">3.<\/span> Unless otherwise agreed the term C. &amp; F. or its equivalent has the same effect and imposes upon the seller the same obligations and risks as a C.I.F. term except the obligation as to insurance. <a id=\"paragraph-273999\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-320\/#3\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"4\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">4.<\/span> Under the term C.I.F. or C. &amp; F. unless otherwise agreed the buyer must make payment against tender of the required documents and the seller may not tender nor the buyer demand delivery of the goods in substitution for the documents. <a id=\"paragraph-274000\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-320\/#4\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nC.I.F. AND C. &#038; F. TERMS (\u00a7 8.2-320)\n\n1. The term C.I.F. means that the price includes in a lump sum the cost of the\ngoods and the insurance and freight to the named destination. The term C. &amp;\nF. or C.F. means that the price so includes cost and freight to the named\ndestination.\n\n2. Unless otherwise agreed and even though used only in connection with the\nstated price and destination, the term C.I.F. destination or its equivalent\nrequires the seller at his own expense and risk to\n\n   a. put the goods into the possession of a carrier at the port for shipment and\n   obtain a negotiable bill or bills of lading covering the entire transportation\n   to the named destination; and\n\n   b. load the goods and obtain a receipt from the carrier (which may be\n   contained in the bill of lading) showing that the freight has been paid or\n   provided for; and\n\n   c. obtain a policy or certificate of insurance, including any war risk\n   insurance, of a kind and on terms then current at the port of shipment in the\n   usual amount, in the currency of the contract, shown to cover the same goods\n   covered by the bill of lading and providing for payment of loss to the order\n   of the buyer or for the account of whom it may concern; but the seller may add\n   to the price the amount of the premium for any such war risk insurance; and\n\n   d. prepare an invoice of the goods and procure any other documents required to\n   effect shipment or to comply with the contract; and\n\n   e. forward and tender with commercial promptness all the documents in due form\n   and with any endorsement necessary to perfect the buyer&#8217;s rights.\n\n3. Unless otherwise agreed the term C. &amp; F. or its equivalent has the same\neffect and imposes upon the seller the same obligations and risks as a C.I.F.\nterm except the obligation as to insurance.\n\n4. Under the term C.I.F. or C. &amp; F. unless otherwise agreed the buyer must\nmake payment against tender of the required documents and the seller may not\ntender nor the buyer demand delivery of the goods in substitution for the\ndocuments.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}