{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.2-703.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.2-703.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.2-703.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.2-703.html"}],"law_id":78574,"edition_id":1,"section_id":78574,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-703","catch_line":"Seller&#8217;s remedies in general","history":"1964, c. 219.","full_text":"Where the buyer wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of goods or fails to make a payment due on or before delivery or repudiates with respect to a part or the whole, then with respect to any goods directly affected and, if the breach is of the whole contract (\u00a7 8.2-612), then also with respect to the whole undelivered balance, the aggrieved seller may\n\na\n\nwithhold delivery of such goods;b\n\nstop delivery by any bailee as hereafter provided (&#xA7; 8.2-705);c\n\nproceed under the next section [&#xA7; 8.2-704] respecting goods still unidentified to the contract;d\n\nresell and recover damages as hereafter provided (&#xA7; 8.2-706);e\n\nrecover damages for nonacceptance (&#xA7; 8.2-708) or in a proper case the price (&#xA7; 8.2-709);f\n\ncancel.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":281584,"text":"Where the buyer wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of goods or fails to make a payment due on or before delivery or repudiates with respect to a part or the whole, then with respect to any goods directly affected and, if the breach is of the whole contract (\u00a7 8.2-612), then also with respect to the whole undelivered balance, the aggrieved seller may","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1,"next_prefix":"a"},"1":{"id":281585,"text":"withhold delivery of such goods;","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"prior_prefix":"","next_prefix":"b"},"2":{"id":281586,"text":"stop delivery by any bailee as hereafter provided (&#xA7; 8.2-705);","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"c"},"3":{"id":281587,"text":"proceed under the next section [&#xA7; 8.2-704] respecting goods still unidentified to the contract;","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"d"},"4":{"id":281588,"text":"resell and recover damages as hereafter provided (&#xA7; 8.2-706);","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c","next_prefix":"e"},"5":{"id":281589,"text":"recover damages for nonacceptance (&#xA7; 8.2-708) or in a proper case the price (&#xA7; 8.2-709);","type":"section","prefixes":["e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"e","prefix_anchor":"e","level":1,"prior_prefix":"d","next_prefix":"f"},"6":{"id":281590,"text":"cancel.","type":"section","prefixes":["f"],"prefix":"f","entire_prefix":"f","prefix_anchor":"f","level":1,"prior_prefix":"e"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14714,"edition_id":1,"name":"Remedies","identifier":"7","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13346,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:49:27","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:49:27","permalink":{"id":282265,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14714,"identifier":"7","token":"8.2\/7","url":"\/8.2\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13346,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code - Sales","identifier":"8.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","permalink":{"id":281931,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13346,"identifier":"8.2","token":"8.2","url":"\/8.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":85835,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-701","catch_line":"Remedies for breach of collateral contracts not impaired","url":"\/8.2-701\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-701","metadata":false},{"id":69584,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-702","catch_line":"Seller's remedies on discovery of buyer's insolvency","url":"\/8.2-702\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-702","metadata":false},{"id":78574,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-703","catch_line":"Seller's remedies in general","url":"\/8.2-703\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-703","metadata":false},{"id":83665,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-704","catch_line":"Seller's right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goods","url":"\/8.2-704\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-704","metadata":false},{"id":87075,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-705","catch_line":"Seller's stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise","url":"\/8.2-705\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-705","metadata":false},{"id":66214,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-706","catch_line":"Seller's resale including contract for resale","url":"\/8.2-706\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-706","metadata":false},{"id":76676,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-707","catch_line":"\"Person in the position of a seller.\"","url":"\/8.2-707\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-707","metadata":false},{"id":84104,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-708","catch_line":"Seller's damages for nonacceptance or repudiation","url":"\/8.2-708\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-708","metadata":false},{"id":69334,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-709","catch_line":"Action for the price","url":"\/8.2-709\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-709","metadata":false},{"id":77135,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-710","catch_line":"Seller's incidental damages","url":"\/8.2-710\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-710","metadata":false},{"id":71698,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-711","catch_line":"Buyer's remedies in general; buyer's security interest in rejected goods","url":"\/8.2-711\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-711","metadata":false},{"id":76129,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-712","catch_line":"\"Cover\"; buyer's procurement of substitute goods","url":"\/8.2-712\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-712","metadata":false},{"id":66860,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-713","catch_line":"Buyer's damages for nondelivery or repudiation","url":"\/8.2-713\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-713","metadata":false},{"id":56369,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-714","catch_line":"Buyer's damages for breach in regard to accepted goods","url":"\/8.2-714\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-714","metadata":false},{"id":62991,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-715","catch_line":"Buyer's incidental and consequential damages","url":"\/8.2-715\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-715","metadata":false},{"id":83382,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-716","catch_line":"Buyer's right to specific performance or detinue","url":"\/8.2-716\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-716","metadata":false},{"id":82961,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-717","catch_line":"Deduction of damages from the price","url":"\/8.2-717\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-717","metadata":false},{"id":65551,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-718","catch_line":"Liquidation or limitation of damages; deposits","url":"\/8.2-718\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-718","metadata":false},{"id":76593,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-719","catch_line":"Contractual modification or limitation of remedy","url":"\/8.2-719\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-719","metadata":false},{"id":57861,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-720","catch_line":"Effect of \"cancellation\" or \"rescission\" on claims for antecedent breach","url":"\/8.2-720\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-720","metadata":false},{"id":70494,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-721","catch_line":"Remedies for fraud","url":"\/8.2-721\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-721","metadata":false},{"id":73811,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-722","catch_line":"Who can sue third parties for injury to goods","url":"\/8.2-722\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-722","metadata":false},{"id":84785,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-723","catch_line":"Proof of market price; time and place","url":"\/8.2-723\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-723","metadata":false},{"id":71937,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-724","catch_line":"Admissibility of market quotations (subdivision (17) of Supreme Court Rule 2:803 derived from this section)","url":"\/8.2-724\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-724","metadata":false},{"id":73642,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-725","catch_line":"Statute of limitations in contracts for sale","url":"\/8.2-725\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-725","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":69584,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-702","catch_line":"Seller's remedies on discovery of buyer's insolvency","url":"\/8.2-702\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-702","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":83665,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-704","catch_line":"Seller's right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goods","url":"\/8.2-704\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-704","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2-703\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":[{"id":66830,"section_number":"8.2-602","catch_line":"Manner and effect of rightful rejection","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-602\/"},{"id":72611,"section_number":"8.2-610","catch_line":"Anticipatory repudiation","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-610\/"},{"id":83665,"section_number":"8.2-704","catch_line":"Seller's right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goods","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-704\/"},{"id":66214,"section_number":"8.2-706","catch_line":"Seller's resale including contract for resale","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-706\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":54438,"section_number":"8.2-612","catch_line":"\"Installment contract\"; breach","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-612\/"},{"id":83665,"section_number":"8.2-704","catch_line":"Seller's right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goods","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-704\/"},{"id":87075,"section_number":"8.2-705","catch_line":"Seller's stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-705\/"},{"id":66214,"section_number":"8.2-706","catch_line":"Seller's resale including contract for resale","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-706\/"},{"id":84104,"section_number":"8.2-708","catch_line":"Seller's damages for nonacceptance or repudiation","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-708\/"},{"id":69334,"section_number":"8.2-709","catch_line":"Action for the price","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-709\/"}],"permalink":{"id":282275,"object_type":"law","relational_id":78574,"identifier":"8.2-703","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-703","url":"\/8.2-703\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2-703\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-703","dublin_core":{"Title":"Seller&#8217;s remedies in general","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2-703","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Where the buyer wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of goods or fails to make a payment due on or before delivery or repudiates with respect to a part or the whole, then with respect to any goods directly affected and, if the breach is of the whole <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span> (\u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"&quot;Installment contract&quot;; breach\" href=\"\/8.2-612\/\">8.2-612<\/a>), then also with respect to the whole undelivered balance, the aggrieved seller may<\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"a\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">a.<\/span> withhold delivery of such goods; <a id=\"paragraph-281585\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-703\/#a\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"b\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">b.<\/span> stop delivery by any bailee as hereafter provided (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Seller&#039;s stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise\" href=\"\/8.2-705\/\">8.2-705<\/a>); <a id=\"paragraph-281586\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-703\/#b\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"c\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">c.<\/span> proceed under the next section [&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Seller&#039;s right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goods\" href=\"\/8.2-704\/\">8.2-704<\/a>] respecting goods still unidentified to the <span class=\"dictionary\">contract<\/span>; <a id=\"paragraph-281587\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-703\/#c\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"d\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">d.<\/span> resell and recover <span class=\"dictionary\">damages<\/span> as hereafter provided (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Seller&#039;s resale including contract for resale\" href=\"\/8.2-706\/\">8.2-706<\/a>); <a id=\"paragraph-281588\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-703\/#d\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"e\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">e.<\/span> recover <span class=\"dictionary\">damages<\/span> for nonacceptance (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Seller&#039;s damages for nonacceptance or repudiation\" href=\"\/8.2-708\/\">8.2-708<\/a>) or in a proper case the price (&#xA7; <a class=\"law\" title=\"Action for the price\" href=\"\/8.2-709\/\">8.2-709<\/a>); <a id=\"paragraph-281589\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-703\/#e\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"f\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">f.<\/span> cancel. <a id=\"paragraph-281590\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.2-703\/#f\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSELLER&#8217;S REMEDIES IN GENERAL (\u00a7 8.2-703)\n\nWhere the buyer wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of goods or fails to\nmake a payment due on or before delivery or repudiates with respect to a part or\nthe whole, then with respect to any goods directly affected and, if the breach\nis of the whole contract (\u00a7 8.2-612), then also with respect to the whole\nundelivered balance, the aggrieved seller may\n\na. withhold delivery of such goods;\n\nb. stop delivery by any bailee as hereafter provided (&#xA7; 8.2-705);\n\nc. proceed under the next section [&#xA7; 8.2-704] respecting goods still\nunidentified to the contract;\n\nd. resell and recover damages as hereafter provided (&#xA7; 8.2-706);\n\ne. recover damages for nonacceptance (&#xA7; 8.2-708) or in a proper case the\nprice (&#xA7; 8.2-709);\n\nf. cancel.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}