{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.2-719.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.2-719.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.2-719.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.2-719.html"}],"law_id":76593,"edition_id":1,"section_id":76593,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-719","catch_line":"Contractual modification or limitation of remedy","history":"1964, c. 219.","full_text":"1\n\nSubject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3) of this section and of the preceding section [\u00a7 8.2-718] on liquidation and limitation of damages,a\n\nthe agreement may provide for remedies in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this title and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable under this title, as by limiting the buyer’s remedies to return of the goods and repayment of the price or to repair and replacement of nonconforming goods or parts; andb\n\nresort to a remedy as provided is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive, in which case it is the sole remedy.2\n\nWhere circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, remedy may be had as provided in this act.3\n\nConsequential damages may be limited or excluded unless the limitation or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation of consequential damages for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation of damages where the loss is commercial is not.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":274956,"text":"Subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3) of this section and of the preceding section [\u00a7 8.2-718] on liquidation and limitation of damages,","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"1a"},"1":{"id":274957,"text":"the agreement may provide for remedies in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this title and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable under this title, as by limiting the buyer’s remedies to return of the goods and repayment of the price or to repair and replacement of nonconforming goods or parts; and","type":"section","prefixes":["1","a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"1a","prefix_anchor":"1a","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"1b"},"2":{"id":274958,"text":"resort to a remedy as provided is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive, in which case it is the sole remedy.","type":"section","prefixes":["1","b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"1b","prefix_anchor":"1b","level":2,"prior_prefix":"1a","next_prefix":"2"},"3":{"id":274959,"text":"Where circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, remedy may be had as provided in this act.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1b","next_prefix":"3"},"4":{"id":274960,"text":"Consequential damages may be limited or excluded unless the limitation or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation of consequential damages for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation of damages where the loss is commercial is not.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14714,"edition_id":1,"name":"Remedies","identifier":"7","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13346,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:49:27","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:49:27","permalink":{"id":282265,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14714,"identifier":"7","token":"8.2\/7","url":"\/8.2\/7\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13346,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code - Sales","identifier":"8.2","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:41","permalink":{"id":281931,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13346,"identifier":"8.2","token":"8.2","url":"\/8.2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":85835,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-701","catch_line":"Remedies for breach of collateral contracts not impaired","url":"\/8.2-701\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-701","metadata":false},{"id":69584,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-702","catch_line":"Seller's remedies on discovery of buyer's insolvency","url":"\/8.2-702\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-702","metadata":false},{"id":78574,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-703","catch_line":"Seller's remedies in general","url":"\/8.2-703\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-703","metadata":false},{"id":83665,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-704","catch_line":"Seller's right to identify goods to the contract notwithstanding breach or to salvage unfinished goods","url":"\/8.2-704\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-704","metadata":false},{"id":87075,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-705","catch_line":"Seller's stoppage of delivery in transit or otherwise","url":"\/8.2-705\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-705","metadata":false},{"id":66214,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-706","catch_line":"Seller's resale including contract for resale","url":"\/8.2-706\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-706","metadata":false},{"id":76676,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-707","catch_line":"\"Person in the position of a seller.\"","url":"\/8.2-707\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-707","metadata":false},{"id":84104,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-708","catch_line":"Seller's damages for nonacceptance or repudiation","url":"\/8.2-708\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-708","metadata":false},{"id":69334,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-709","catch_line":"Action for the price","url":"\/8.2-709\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-709","metadata":false},{"id":77135,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-710","catch_line":"Seller's incidental damages","url":"\/8.2-710\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-710","metadata":false},{"id":71698,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-711","catch_line":"Buyer's remedies in general; buyer's security interest in rejected goods","url":"\/8.2-711\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-711","metadata":false},{"id":76129,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-712","catch_line":"\"Cover\"; buyer's procurement of substitute goods","url":"\/8.2-712\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-712","metadata":false},{"id":66860,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-713","catch_line":"Buyer's damages for nondelivery or repudiation","url":"\/8.2-713\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-713","metadata":false},{"id":56369,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-714","catch_line":"Buyer's damages for breach in regard to accepted goods","url":"\/8.2-714\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-714","metadata":false},{"id":62991,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-715","catch_line":"Buyer's incidental and consequential damages","url":"\/8.2-715\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-715","metadata":false},{"id":83382,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-716","catch_line":"Buyer's right to specific performance or detinue","url":"\/8.2-716\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-716","metadata":false},{"id":82961,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-717","catch_line":"Deduction of damages from the price","url":"\/8.2-717\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-717","metadata":false},{"id":65551,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-718","catch_line":"Liquidation or limitation of damages; deposits","url":"\/8.2-718\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-718","metadata":false},{"id":76593,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-719","catch_line":"Contractual modification or limitation of remedy","url":"\/8.2-719\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-719","metadata":false},{"id":57861,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-720","catch_line":"Effect of \"cancellation\" or \"rescission\" on claims for antecedent breach","url":"\/8.2-720\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-720","metadata":false},{"id":70494,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-721","catch_line":"Remedies for fraud","url":"\/8.2-721\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-721","metadata":false},{"id":73811,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-722","catch_line":"Who can sue third parties for injury to goods","url":"\/8.2-722\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-722","metadata":false},{"id":84785,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-723","catch_line":"Proof of market price; time and place","url":"\/8.2-723\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-723","metadata":false},{"id":71937,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-724","catch_line":"Admissibility of market quotations (subdivision (17) of Supreme Court Rule 2:803 derived from this section)","url":"\/8.2-724\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-724","metadata":false},{"id":73642,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-725","catch_line":"Statute of limitations in contracts for sale","url":"\/8.2-725\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-725","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":65551,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-718","catch_line":"Liquidation or limitation of damages; deposits","url":"\/8.2-718\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-718","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":57861,"structure_id":14714,"section_number":"8.2-720","catch_line":"Effect of \"cancellation\" or \"rescission\" on claims for antecedent breach","url":"\/8.2-720\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-720","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2-719\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":[{"id":76874,"section_number":"8.2-316","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-316\/"},{"id":65792,"section_number":"8.2-601","catch_line":"Buyer's rights on improper delivery","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-601\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":65551,"section_number":"8.2-718","catch_line":"Liquidation or limitation of damages; deposits","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2-718\/"}],"permalink":{"id":282339,"object_type":"law","relational_id":76593,"identifier":"8.2-719","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-719","url":"\/8.2-719\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2-719\/","token":"8.2\/7\/8.2-719","dublin_core":{"Title":"Contractual modification or limitation of remedy","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2-719","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3) of this section and of the preceding section [\u00a7 8.2-718<\/a>] on liquidation<\/span> and limitation of damages<\/span>, <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> the agreement may provide for remedies in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this title and may limit or alter the measure of damages<\/span> recoverable under this title, as by limiting the buyer’s remedies to return of the goods and repayment of the price or to repair and replacement of nonconforming goods or parts; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> resort to a remedy as provided is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive, in which case it is the sole remedy. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Where circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, remedy may be had as provided in this act. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Consequential damages<\/span> may be limited or excluded unless the limitation or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation of consequential damages<\/span> for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation of damages<\/span> where the loss is commercial is not. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCONTRACTUAL MODIFICATION OR LIMITATION OF REMEDY (\u00a7 8.2-719)\n\n1. Subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3) of this section and of\nthe preceding section [\u00a7 8.2-718] on liquidation and limitation of damages,\n\n a. the agreement may provide for remedies in addition to or in substitution\n for those provided in this title and may limit or alter the measure of damages\n recoverable under this title, as by limiting the buyer’s remedies to\n return of the goods and repayment of the price or to repair and replacement of\n nonconforming goods or parts; and\n\n b. resort to a remedy as provided is optional unless the remedy is expressly\n agreed to be exclusive, in which case it is the sole remedy.\n\n2. Where circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its\nessential purpose, remedy may be had as provided in this act.\n\n3. Consequential damages may be limited or excluded unless the limitation or\nexclusion is unconscionable. Limitation of consequential damages for injury to\nthe person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but\nlimitation of damages where the loss is commercial is not.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}