{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.2A-216.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.2A-216.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.2A-216.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.2A-216.html"}],"law_id":60702,"edition_id":1,"section_id":60702,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-216","catch_line":"Third-party beneficiaries of express and implied warranties","history":"1991, c. 536.","full_text":"Lack of privity between the plaintiff and the defendant shall be no defense in any action brought against the manufacturer or lessor of goods, other than as lessor under a finance lease, to recover damages for breach of warranty, express or implied, or for negligence, although the plaintiff did not lease the goods from the defendant, if the plaintiff was a person whom the manufacturer or lessor might reasonably have expected to use, consume, or be affected by the goods.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":221900,"text":"Lack of privity between the plaintiff and the defendant shall be no defense in any action brought against the manufacturer or lessor of goods, other than as lessor under a finance lease, to recover damages for breach of warranty, express or implied, or for negligence, although the plaintiff did not lease the goods from the defendant, if the plaintiff was a person whom the manufacturer or lessor might reasonably have expected to use, consume, or be affected by the goods.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":12737,"edition_id":1,"name":"Formation and Construction of Lease Contract","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12736,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":282407,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12737,"identifier":"2","token":"8.2A\/2","url":"\/8.2A\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12736,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Leases","identifier":"8.2A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":282367,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12736,"identifier":"8.2A","token":"8.2A","url":"\/8.2A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":71755,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-201","catch_line":"Statute of frauds","url":"\/8.2A-201\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-201","metadata":false},{"id":57011,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-202","catch_line":"Final expression: parol or extrinsic evidence","url":"\/8.2A-202\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-202","metadata":false},{"id":84673,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-203","catch_line":"Seals inoperative","url":"\/8.2A-203\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-203","metadata":false},{"id":53946,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-204","catch_line":"Formation in general","url":"\/8.2A-204\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-204","metadata":false},{"id":81740,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-205","catch_line":"Firm offers","url":"\/8.2A-205\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-205","metadata":false},{"id":84135,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-206","catch_line":"Offer and acceptance in formation of lease contract","url":"\/8.2A-206\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-206","metadata":false},{"id":77350,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-207","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.2A-207\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-207","metadata":false},{"id":58420,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-208","catch_line":"Modification, rescission, and waiver","url":"\/8.2A-208\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-208","metadata":false},{"id":68509,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-209","catch_line":"Lessee under finance lease as beneficiary of supply contract","url":"\/8.2A-209\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-209","metadata":false},{"id":87434,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-210","catch_line":"Express warranties","url":"\/8.2A-210\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-210","metadata":false},{"id":63414,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-211","catch_line":"Warranties against interference and against infringement; lessee's obligation against infringement","url":"\/8.2A-211\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-211","metadata":false},{"id":59329,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-212","catch_line":"Implied warranty of merchantability","url":"\/8.2A-212\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-212","metadata":false},{"id":56702,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-213","catch_line":"Implied warranty of fitness for particular purpose","url":"\/8.2A-213\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-213","metadata":false},{"id":86933,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-214","catch_line":"Exclusion or modification of warranties","url":"\/8.2A-214\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-214","metadata":false},{"id":76581,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-215","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied","url":"\/8.2A-215\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-215","metadata":false},{"id":60702,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-216","catch_line":"Third-party beneficiaries of express and implied warranties","url":"\/8.2A-216\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-216","metadata":false},{"id":86152,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-217","catch_line":"Identification","url":"\/8.2A-217\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-217","metadata":false},{"id":83259,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-218","catch_line":"Insurance and proceeds","url":"\/8.2A-218\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-218","metadata":false},{"id":55940,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-219","catch_line":"Risk of loss","url":"\/8.2A-219\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-219","metadata":false},{"id":65496,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-220","catch_line":"Effect of default on risk of loss","url":"\/8.2A-220\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-220","metadata":false},{"id":80194,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-221","catch_line":"Casualty to identified goods","url":"\/8.2A-221\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-221","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":76581,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-215","catch_line":"Cumulation and conflict of warranties express or implied","url":"\/8.2A-215\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-215","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":86152,"structure_id":12737,"section_number":"8.2A-217","catch_line":"Identification","url":"\/8.2A-217\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-217","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2A-216\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1991. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 536 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1991 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":282469,"object_type":"law","relational_id":60702,"identifier":"8.2A-216","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-216","url":"\/8.2A-216\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2A-216\/","token":"8.2A\/2\/8.2A-216","dublin_core":{"Title":"Third-party beneficiaries of express and implied warranties","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2A-216","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>Lack of privity between the <span class=\"dictionary\">plaintiff<\/span> and the <span class=\"dictionary\">defendant<\/span> shall be no defense in any action brought against the manufacturer or lessor of goods, other than as lessor under a finance lease, to recover <span class=\"dictionary\">damages<\/span> for breach of warranty, express or implied, or for <span class=\"dictionary\">negligence<\/span>, although the <span class=\"dictionary\">plaintiff<\/span> did not lease the goods from the <span class=\"dictionary\">defendant<\/span>, if the <span class=\"dictionary\">plaintiff<\/span> was a person whom the manufacturer or lessor might reasonably have expected to use, consume, or be affected by the goods.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nTHIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES (\u00a7 8.2A-216)\n\nLack of privity between the plaintiff and the defendant shall be no defense in\nany action brought against the manufacturer or lessor of goods, other than as\nlessor under a finance lease, to recover damages for breach of warranty, express\nor implied, or for negligence, although the plaintiff did not lease the goods\nfrom the defendant, if the plaintiff was a person whom the manufacturer or\nlessor might reasonably have expected to use, consume, or be affected by the\ngoods.\n\nHISTORY: 1991, c. 536.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}