{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.2A-503.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.2A-503.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.2A-503.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.2A-503.html"}],"law_id":86201,"edition_id":1,"section_id":86201,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-503","catch_line":"Modification or impairment of rights and remedies","history":"1991, c. 536.","full_text":"1\n\nExcept as otherwise provided in this title, the lease agreement may include rights and remedies for default in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this title and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable under this title.2\n\nResort to a remedy provided under this title or in the lease agreement is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive. If circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, or provision for an exclusive remedy is unconscionable, remedy may be had as provided in this title.3\n\nConsequential damages may be liquidated under § 8.2A-504, or may otherwise be limited, altered, or excluded unless the limitation, alteration, or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation, alteration, or exclusion of consequential damages for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation, alteration or exclusion of damages where the loss is commercial is not prima facie unconscionable.4\n\nRights and remedies on default by the lessor or the lessee with respect to any obligation or promise collateral or ancillary to the lease contract are not impaired by this title.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":308771,"text":"Except as otherwise provided in this title, the lease agreement may include rights and remedies for default in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this title and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable under this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"1","prefix_anchor":"1","level":1,"next_prefix":"2"},"1":{"id":308772,"text":"Resort to a remedy provided under this title or in the lease agreement is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive. If circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, or provision for an exclusive remedy is unconscionable, remedy may be had as provided in this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"2","prefix_anchor":"2","level":1,"prior_prefix":"1","next_prefix":"3"},"2":{"id":308773,"text":"Consequential damages may be liquidated under § 8.2A-504, or may otherwise be limited, altered, or excluded unless the limitation, alteration, or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation, alteration, or exclusion of consequential damages for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation, alteration or exclusion of damages where the loss is commercial is not prima facie unconscionable.","type":"section","prefixes":["3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"3","prefix_anchor":"3","level":1,"prior_prefix":"2","next_prefix":"4"},"3":{"id":308774,"text":"Rights and remedies on default by the lessor or the lessee with respect to any obligation or promise collateral or ancillary to the lease contract are not impaired by this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"4","prefix_anchor":"4","level":1,"prior_prefix":"3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15613,"edition_id":1,"name":"In General","identifier":"A","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13913,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:56:55","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:56:55","permalink":{"id":282571,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15613,"identifier":"A","token":"8.2A\/5\/A","url":"\/8.2A\/5\/A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13913,"edition_id":1,"name":"Default","identifier":"5","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12736,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:17","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:17","permalink":{"id":282569,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13913,"identifier":"5","token":"8.2A\/5","url":"\/8.2A\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12736,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Leases","identifier":"8.2A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:50","permalink":{"id":282367,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12736,"identifier":"8.2A","token":"8.2A","url":"\/8.2A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":75475,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-501","catch_line":"Default; procedure","url":"\/8.2A-501\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-501","metadata":false},{"id":82307,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-502","catch_line":"Notice after default","url":"\/8.2A-502\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-502","metadata":false},{"id":86201,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-503","catch_line":"Modification or impairment of rights and remedies","url":"\/8.2A-503\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-503","metadata":false},{"id":60366,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-504","catch_line":"Liquidation of damages","url":"\/8.2A-504\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-504","metadata":false},{"id":60727,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-505","catch_line":"Cancellation and termination and effect of cancellation, termination, rescission, or fraud on rights and remedies","url":"\/8.2A-505\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-505","metadata":false},{"id":59618,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-506","catch_line":"Statute of limitation","url":"\/8.2A-506\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-506","metadata":false},{"id":84634,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-507","catch_line":"Proof of market rent; time and place","url":"\/8.2A-507\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-507","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":82307,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-502","catch_line":"Notice after default","url":"\/8.2A-502\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-502","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":60366,"structure_id":15613,"section_number":"8.2A-504","catch_line":"Liquidation of damages","url":"\/8.2A-504\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-504","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.2A-503\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1991. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 536 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1991 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online.<\/p>","references":[{"id":83561,"section_number":"8.2A-518","catch_line":"Cover; substitute goods","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2A-518\/"},{"id":74347,"section_number":"8.2A-519","catch_line":"Lessee's damages for nondelivery, repudiation, default, and breach of warranty in regard to accepted goods","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2A-519\/"},{"id":73411,"section_number":"8.2A-527","catch_line":"Lessor's rights to dispose of goods","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2A-527\/"},{"id":69309,"section_number":"8.2A-528","catch_line":"Lessor's damages for nonacceptance or repudiation","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2A-528\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":60366,"section_number":"8.2A-504","catch_line":"Liquidation of damages","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.2A-504\/"}],"permalink":{"id":282581,"object_type":"law","relational_id":86201,"identifier":"8.2A-503","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-503","url":"\/8.2A-503\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.2A-503\/","token":"8.2A\/5\/A\/8.2A-503","dublin_core":{"Title":"Modification or impairment of rights and remedies","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.2A-503","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> Except as otherwise provided in this title, the lease agreement may include rights and remedies for default<\/span> in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this title and may limit or alter the measure of damages<\/span> recoverable under this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> Resort to a remedy provided under this title or in the lease agreement is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive. If circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, or provision for an exclusive remedy is unconscionable, remedy may be had as provided in this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Consequential damages<\/span> may be liquidated under § 8.2A-504<\/a>, or may otherwise be limited, altered, or excluded unless the limitation, alteration, or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation, alteration, or exclusion of consequential damages<\/span> for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation, alteration or exclusion of damages<\/span> where the loss is commercial is not prima facie unconscionable. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> Rights and remedies on default<\/span> by the lessor or the lessee with respect to any obligation or promise collateral<\/span> or ancillary to the lease contract<\/span> are not impaired by this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMODIFICATION OR IMPAIRMENT OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES (\u00a7 8.2A-503)\n\n1. Except as otherwise provided in this title, the lease agreement may include\nrights and remedies for default in addition to or in substitution for those\nprovided in this title and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable\nunder this title.\n\n2. Resort to a remedy provided under this title or in the lease agreement is\noptional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive. If circumstances\ncause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, or\nprovision for an exclusive remedy is unconscionable, remedy may be had as\nprovided in this title.\n\n3. Consequential damages may be liquidated under § 8.2A-504, or may\notherwise be limited, altered, or excluded unless the limitation, alteration, or\nexclusion is unconscionable. Limitation, alteration, or exclusion of\nconsequential damages for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is\nprima facie unconscionable but limitation, alteration or exclusion of damages\nwhere the loss is commercial is not prima facie unconscionable.\n\n4. Rights and remedies on default by the lessor or the lessee with respect to\nany obligation or promise collateral or ancillary to the lease contract are not\nimpaired by this title.\n\nHISTORY: 1991, c. 536.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}