{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.3A-102.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.3A-102.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.3A-102.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.3A-102.html"}],"law_id":65615,"edition_id":1,"section_id":65615,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-102","catch_line":"Subject matter","history":"1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.3-103; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"a\n\nThis title applies to negotiable instruments. It does not apply to money, to payment orders governed by Title 8.4A, or to securities governed by Title 8.8A.b\n\nIf there is conflict between this title and Title 8.4 or 8.9A, Titles 8.4 and 8.9A govern.c\n\nRegulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and operating circulars of the Federal Reserve Banks supersede any inconsistent provision of this title to the extent of the inconsistency.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":238504,"text":"This title applies to negotiable instruments. It does not apply to money, to payment orders governed by Title 8.4A, or to securities governed by Title 8.8A.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":238505,"text":"If there is conflict between this title and Title 8.4 or 8.9A, Titles 8.4 and 8.9A govern.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"c"},"2":{"id":238506,"text":"Regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and operating circulars of the Federal Reserve Banks supersede any inconsistent provision of this title to the extent of the inconsistency.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13868,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions and Definitions","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13054,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:08","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:08","permalink":{"id":282707,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13868,"identifier":"1","token":"8.3A\/1","url":"\/8.3A\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13054,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Negotiable Instruments","identifier":"8.3A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":282705,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13054,"identifier":"8.3A","token":"8.3A","url":"\/8.3A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":83834,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.3A-101\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-101","metadata":false},{"id":65615,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-102","catch_line":"Subject matter","url":"\/8.3A-102\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-102","metadata":false},{"id":77332,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-103","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/8.3A-103\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-103","metadata":false},{"id":82039,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-104","catch_line":"Negotiable instrument","url":"\/8.3A-104\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-104","metadata":false},{"id":71271,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-105","catch_line":"Issue of instrument","url":"\/8.3A-105\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-105","metadata":false},{"id":54896,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-106","catch_line":"Unconditional promise or order","url":"\/8.3A-106\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-106","metadata":false},{"id":58514,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-107","catch_line":"Instrument payable in foreign money","url":"\/8.3A-107\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-107","metadata":false},{"id":60401,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-108","catch_line":"Payable on demand or at definite time","url":"\/8.3A-108\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-108","metadata":false},{"id":76428,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-109","catch_line":"Payable to bearer or to order","url":"\/8.3A-109\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-109","metadata":false},{"id":79693,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-110","catch_line":"Identification of person to whom instrument is payable","url":"\/8.3A-110\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-110","metadata":false},{"id":59225,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-111","catch_line":"Place of payment","url":"\/8.3A-111\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-111","metadata":false},{"id":81552,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-112","catch_line":"Interest","url":"\/8.3A-112\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-112","metadata":false},{"id":78239,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-113","catch_line":"Date of instrument","url":"\/8.3A-113\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-113","metadata":false},{"id":69384,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-114","catch_line":"Contradictory terms of instrument","url":"\/8.3A-114\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-114","metadata":false},{"id":87003,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-115","catch_line":"Incomplete instrument","url":"\/8.3A-115\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-115","metadata":false},{"id":77257,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-116","catch_line":"Joint and several liability; contribution","url":"\/8.3A-116\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-116","metadata":false},{"id":58091,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-117","catch_line":"Other agreements affecting instrument","url":"\/8.3A-117\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-117","metadata":false},{"id":84675,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-118","catch_line":"Statute of limitations","url":"\/8.3A-118\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-118","metadata":false},{"id":60697,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-118.1","catch_line":"Statute of limitations on deposit accounts and certificates of deposit","url":"\/8.3A-118.1\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-118.1","metadata":false},{"id":62088,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-119","catch_line":"Notice of right to defend action","url":"\/8.3A-119\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-119","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":83834,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.3A-101\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-101","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":77332,"structure_id":13868,"section_number":"8.3A-103","catch_line":"Definitions","url":"\/8.3A-103\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-103","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.3A-102\/","history_text":"<p>This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":282713,"object_type":"law","relational_id":65615,"identifier":"8.3A-102","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-102","url":"\/8.3A-102\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.3A-102\/","token":"8.3A\/1\/8.3A-102","dublin_core":{"Title":"Subject matter","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.3A-102","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"a\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">a.<\/span> This title applies to negotiable instruments. It does not apply to money, to payment <span class=\"dictionary\">orders<\/span> governed by Title 8.4A, or to securities governed by Title 8.8A. <a id=\"paragraph-238504\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.3A-102\/#a\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"b\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">b.<\/span> If there is conflict between this title and Title 8.4 or 8.9A, Titles 8.4 and 8.9A govern. <a id=\"paragraph-238505\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.3A-102\/#b\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section id=\"c\"><p><span class=\"prefix-number\">c.<\/span> Regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and operating circulars of the Federal Reserve Banks supersede any inconsistent provision of this title to the extent of the inconsistency. <a id=\"paragraph-238506\" class=\"section-permalink\" href=\"https:\/\/vacode.org\/8.3A-102\/#c\"><i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSUBJECT MATTER (\u00a7 8.3A-102)\n\na. This title applies to negotiable instruments. It does not apply to money, to\npayment orders governed by Title 8.4A, or to securities governed by Title 8.8A.\n\nb. If there is conflict between this title and Title 8.4 or 8.9A, Titles 8.4 and\n8.9A govern.\n\nc. Regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and\noperating circulars of the Federal Reserve Banks supersede any inconsistent\nprovision of this title to the extent of the inconsistency.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.3-103; 1992, c. 693.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}