{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.3A-203.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.3A-203.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.3A-203.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.3A-203.html"}],"law_id":58085,"edition_id":1,"section_id":58085,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-203","catch_line":"Transfer of instrument; rights acquired by transfer","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-379, 6-382 through 6-384, 6-401, 6-410; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7\u00a7 8.3-201, 8.3-202; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"a\n\nAn instrument is transferred when it is delivered by a person other than its issuer for the purpose of giving to the person receiving delivery the right to enforce the instrument.b\n\nTransfer of an instrument, whether or not the transfer is a negotiation, vests in the transferee any right of the transferor to enforce the instrument, including any right as a holder in due course, but the transferee cannot acquire rights of a holder in due course by a transfer, directly or indirectly, from a holder in due course if the transferee engaged in fraud or illegality affecting the instrument.c\n\nUnless otherwise agreed, if an instrument is transferred for value and the transferee does not become a holder because of lack of endorsement by the transferor, the transferee has a specifically enforceable right to the unqualified endorsement of the transferor, but negotiation of the instrument does not occur until the endorsement is made.d\n\nIf a transferor purports to transfer less than the entire instrument, negotiation of the instrument does not occur. The transferee obtains no rights under this title and has only the rights of a partial assignee.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":212789,"text":"An instrument is transferred when it is delivered by a person other than its issuer for the purpose of giving to the person receiving delivery the right to enforce the instrument.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":212790,"text":"Transfer of an instrument, whether or not the transfer is a negotiation, vests in the transferee any right of the transferor to enforce the instrument, including any right as a holder in due course, but the transferee cannot acquire rights of a holder in due course by a transfer, directly or indirectly, from a holder in due course if the transferee engaged in fraud or illegality affecting the instrument.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"c"},"2":{"id":212791,"text":"Unless otherwise agreed, if an instrument is transferred for value and the transferee does not become a holder because of lack of endorsement by the transferor, the transferee has a specifically enforceable right to the unqualified endorsement of the transferor, but negotiation of the instrument does not occur until the endorsement is made.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"d"},"3":{"id":212792,"text":"If a transferor purports to transfer less than the entire instrument, negotiation of the instrument does not occur. The transferee obtains no rights under this title and has only the rights of a partial assignee.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13720,"edition_id":1,"name":"Negotiation, Transfer, and Endorsement","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13054,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","permalink":{"id":282789,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13720,"identifier":"2","token":"8.3A\/2","url":"\/8.3A\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13054,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Negotiable Instruments","identifier":"8.3A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":282705,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13054,"identifier":"8.3A","token":"8.3A","url":"\/8.3A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74433,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-201","catch_line":"Negotiation","url":"\/8.3A-201\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-201","metadata":false},{"id":82062,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-202","catch_line":"Negotiation subject to rescission","url":"\/8.3A-202\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-202","metadata":false},{"id":58085,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-203","catch_line":"Transfer of instrument; rights acquired by transfer","url":"\/8.3A-203\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-203","metadata":false},{"id":70902,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-204","catch_line":"Endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-204\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-204","metadata":false},{"id":54714,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-205","catch_line":"Special endorsement; blank endorsement; anomalous endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-205\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-205","metadata":false},{"id":65468,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-206","catch_line":"Restrictive endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-206\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-206","metadata":false},{"id":76773,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-207","catch_line":"Reacquisition","url":"\/8.3A-207\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-207","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":82062,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-202","catch_line":"Negotiation subject to rescission","url":"\/8.3A-202\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-202","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":70902,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-204","catch_line":"Endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-204\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-204","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.3A-203\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 219; in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":[{"id":77332,"section_number":"8.3A-103","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-103\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":282799,"object_type":"law","relational_id":58085,"identifier":"8.3A-203","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-203","url":"\/8.3A-203\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.3A-203\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-203","dublin_core":{"Title":"Transfer of instrument; rights acquired by transfer","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.3A-203","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> An instrument is transferred when it is delivered by a person other than its issuer for the purpose of giving to the person receiving delivery the right to enforce the instrument. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> Transfer of an instrument, whether or not the transfer is a negotiation, vests in the transferee any right of the transferor to enforce the instrument, including any right as a holder in due course, but the transferee cannot acquire rights of a holder in due course by a transfer, directly or indirectly, from a holder in due course if the transferee engaged in fraud<\/span> or illegality affecting the instrument. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> Unless otherwise agreed, if an instrument is transferred for value and the transferee does not become a holder because of lack of endorsement by the transferor, the transferee has a specifically enforceable right to the unqualified endorsement of the transferor, but negotiation of the instrument does not occur until the endorsement is made. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> If a transferor purports to transfer less than the entire instrument, negotiation of the instrument does not occur. The transferee obtains no rights under this title and has only the rights of a partial assignee. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nTRANSFER OF INSTRUMENT; RIGHTS ACQUIRED BY TRANSFER (\u00a7 8.3A-203)\n\na. An instrument is transferred when it is delivered by a person other than its\nissuer for the purpose of giving to the person receiving delivery the right to\nenforce the instrument.\n\nb. Transfer of an instrument, whether or not the transfer is a negotiation,\nvests in the transferee any right of the transferor to enforce the instrument,\nincluding any right as a holder in due course, but the transferee cannot acquire\nrights of a holder in due course by a transfer, directly or indirectly, from a\nholder in due course if the transferee engaged in fraud or illegality affecting\nthe instrument.\n\nc. Unless otherwise agreed, if an instrument is transferred for value and the\ntransferee does not become a holder because of lack of endorsement by the\ntransferor, the transferee has a specifically enforceable right to the\nunqualified endorsement of the transferor, but negotiation of the instrument\ndoes not occur until the endorsement is made.\n\nd. If a transferor purports to transfer less than the entire instrument,\nnegotiation of the instrument does not occur. The transferee obtains no rights\nunder this title and has only the rights of a partial assignee.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-379, 6-382 through 6-384, 6-401, 6-410; 1964, c. 219,\n\u00a7\u00a7 8.3-201, 8.3-202; 1992, c. 693.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}