{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.3A-204.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.3A-204.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.3A-204.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.3A-204.html"}],"law_id":70902,"edition_id":1,"section_id":70902,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-204","catch_line":"Endorsement","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-369, 6-379, 6-382 through 6-384, 6-395, 6-401, 6-410, 6-415; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7\u00a7 8.3-201, 8.3-202, 8.3-203, 8.3-402; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"a\n\n“Endorsement” means a signature, other than that of a signer as maker, drawer, or acceptor, that alone or accompanied by other words is made on an instrument for the purpose of (i) negotiating the instrument, (ii) restricting payment of the instrument, or (iii) incurring endorser’s liability on the instrument, but regardless of the intent of the signer, a signature and its accompanying words is an endorsement unless the accompanying words, terms of the instrument, place of the signature, or other circumstances unambiguously indicate that the signature was made for a purpose other than endorsement. For the purpose of determining whether a signature is made on an instrument, a paper affixed to the instrument is a part of the instrument.b\n\n“Endorser” means a person who makes an endorsement.c\n\nFor the purpose of determining whether the transferee of an instrument is a holder, an endorsement that transfers a security interest in the instrument is effective as an unqualified endorsement of the instrument.d\n\nIf an instrument is payable to a holder under a name that is not the name of the holder, endorsement may be made by the holder in the name stated in the instrument or in the holder’s name or both, but signature in both names may be required by a person paying or taking the instrument for value or collection.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":255681,"text":"“Endorsement” means a signature, other than that of a signer as maker, drawer, or acceptor, that alone or accompanied by other words is made on an instrument for the purpose of (i) negotiating the instrument, (ii) restricting payment of the instrument, or (iii) incurring endorser’s liability on the instrument, but regardless of the intent of the signer, a signature and its accompanying words is an endorsement unless the accompanying words, terms of the instrument, place of the signature, or other circumstances unambiguously indicate that the signature was made for a purpose other than endorsement. For the purpose of determining whether a signature is made on an instrument, a paper affixed to the instrument is a part of the instrument.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":255682,"text":"“Endorser” means a person who makes an endorsement.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"c"},"2":{"id":255683,"text":"For the purpose of determining whether the transferee of an instrument is a holder, an endorsement that transfers a security interest in the instrument is effective as an unqualified endorsement of the instrument.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"d"},"3":{"id":255684,"text":"If an instrument is payable to a holder under a name that is not the name of the holder, endorsement may be made by the holder in the name stated in the instrument or in the holder’s name or both, but signature in both names may be required by a person paying or taking the instrument for value or collection.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13720,"edition_id":1,"name":"Negotiation, Transfer, and Endorsement","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13054,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","permalink":{"id":282789,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13720,"identifier":"2","token":"8.3A\/2","url":"\/8.3A\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13054,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Negotiable Instruments","identifier":"8.3A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":282705,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13054,"identifier":"8.3A","token":"8.3A","url":"\/8.3A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74433,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-201","catch_line":"Negotiation","url":"\/8.3A-201\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-201","metadata":false},{"id":82062,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-202","catch_line":"Negotiation subject to rescission","url":"\/8.3A-202\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-202","metadata":false},{"id":58085,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-203","catch_line":"Transfer of instrument; rights acquired by transfer","url":"\/8.3A-203\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-203","metadata":false},{"id":70902,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-204","catch_line":"Endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-204\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-204","metadata":false},{"id":54714,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-205","catch_line":"Special endorsement; blank endorsement; anomalous endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-205\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-205","metadata":false},{"id":65468,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-206","catch_line":"Restrictive endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-206\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-206","metadata":false},{"id":76773,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-207","catch_line":"Reacquisition","url":"\/8.3A-207\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-207","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":58085,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-203","catch_line":"Transfer of instrument; rights acquired by transfer","url":"\/8.3A-203\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-203","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":54714,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-205","catch_line":"Special endorsement; blank endorsement; anomalous endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-205\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-205","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.3A-204\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 219; in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":[{"id":77332,"section_number":"8.3A-103","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-103\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":282803,"object_type":"law","relational_id":70902,"identifier":"8.3A-204","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-204","url":"\/8.3A-204\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.3A-204\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-204","dublin_core":{"Title":"Endorsement","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.3A-204","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> “Endorsement<\/span>” means a signature, other than that of a signer as maker, drawer, or acceptor, that alone or accompanied by other words is made on an instrument for the purpose of (i) negotiating the instrument, (ii) restricting payment of the instrument, or (iii) incurring endorser<\/span>’s liability on the instrument, but regardless of the intent<\/span> of the signer, a signature and its accompanying words is an endorsement<\/span> unless the accompanying words, terms of the instrument, place of the signature, or other circumstances unambiguously indicate that the signature was made for a purpose other than endorsement<\/span>. For the purpose of determining whether a signature is made on an instrument, a paper affixed to the instrument is a part of the instrument. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> “Endorser<\/span>” means a person who makes an endorsement<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> For the purpose of determining whether the transferee of an instrument is a holder, an endorsement<\/span> that transfers a security interest in the instrument is effective as an unqualified endorsement<\/span> of the instrument. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> If an instrument is payable to a holder under a name that is not the name of the holder, endorsement<\/span> may be made by the holder in the name stated in the instrument or in the holder’s name or both, but signature in both names may be required by a person paying or taking the instrument for value or collection. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nENDORSEMENT (\u00a7 8.3A-204)\n\na. “Endorsement” means a signature, other than that of a signer as\nmaker, drawer, or acceptor, that alone or accompanied by other words is made on\nan instrument for the purpose of (i) negotiating the instrument, (ii)\nrestricting payment of the instrument, or (iii) incurring endorser’s\nliability on the instrument, but regardless of the intent of the signer, a\nsignature and its accompanying words is an endorsement unless the accompanying\nwords, terms of the instrument, place of the signature, or other circumstances\nunambiguously indicate that the signature was made for a purpose other than\nendorsement. For the purpose of determining whether a signature is made on an\ninstrument, a paper affixed to the instrument is a part of the instrument.\n\nb. “Endorser” means a person who makes an endorsement.\n\nc. For the purpose of determining whether the transferee of an instrument is a\nholder, an endorsement that transfers a security interest in the instrument is\neffective as an unqualified endorsement of the instrument.\n\nd. If an instrument is payable to a holder under a name that is not the name of\nthe holder, endorsement may be made by the holder in the name stated in the\ninstrument or in the holder’s name or both, but signature in both names\nmay be required by a person paying or taking the instrument for value or\ncollection.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-369, 6-379, 6-382 through 6-384, 6-395, 6-401, 6-410,\n6-415; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7\u00a7 8.3-201, 8.3-202, 8.3-203, 8.3-402; 1992, c. 693.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}