{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.3A-205.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.3A-205.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.3A-205.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.3A-205.html"}],"law_id":54714,"edition_id":1,"section_id":54714,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-205","catch_line":"Special endorsement; blank endorsement; anomalous endorsement","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-361, 6-385 through 6-388, 6-392; 1956, c. 149; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7\u00a7 8.3-111, 8.3-204; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"a\n\nIf an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument, whether payable to an identified person or payable to bearer, and the endorsement identifies a person to whom it makes the instrument payable, it is a “special endorsement.” When specially endorsed, an instrument becomes payable to the identified person and may be negotiated only by the endorsement of that person. The principles stated in § 8.3A-110 apply to special endorsements.b\n\nIf an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument and it is not a special endorsement, it is a “blank endorsement.” When endorsed in blank, an instrument becomes payable to bearer and may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone until specially endorsed.c\n\nThe holder may convert a blank endorsement that consists only of a signature into a special endorsement by writing, above the signature of the endorser, words identifying the person to whom the instrument is made payable.d\n\n“Anomalous endorsement” means an endorsement made by a person who is not the holder of the instrument. An anomalous endorsement does not affect the manner in which the instrument may be negotiated.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":200855,"text":"If an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument, whether payable to an identified person or payable to bearer, and the endorsement identifies a person to whom it makes the instrument payable, it is a “special endorsement.” When specially endorsed, an instrument becomes payable to the identified person and may be negotiated only by the endorsement of that person. The principles stated in § 8.3A-110 apply to special endorsements.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":200856,"text":"If an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument and it is not a special endorsement, it is a “blank endorsement.” When endorsed in blank, an instrument becomes payable to bearer and may be negotiated by transfer of possession alone until specially endorsed.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"c"},"2":{"id":200857,"text":"The holder may convert a blank endorsement that consists only of a signature into a special endorsement by writing, above the signature of the endorser, words identifying the person to whom the instrument is made payable.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"d"},"3":{"id":200858,"text":"“Anomalous endorsement” means an endorsement made by a person who is not the holder of the instrument. An anomalous endorsement does not affect the manner in which the instrument may be negotiated.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13720,"edition_id":1,"name":"Negotiation, Transfer, and Endorsement","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13054,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:45:40","permalink":{"id":282789,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13720,"identifier":"2","token":"8.3A\/2","url":"\/8.3A\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13054,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Negotiable Instruments","identifier":"8.3A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":282705,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13054,"identifier":"8.3A","token":"8.3A","url":"\/8.3A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":74433,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-201","catch_line":"Negotiation","url":"\/8.3A-201\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-201","metadata":false},{"id":82062,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-202","catch_line":"Negotiation subject to rescission","url":"\/8.3A-202\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-202","metadata":false},{"id":58085,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-203","catch_line":"Transfer of instrument; rights acquired by transfer","url":"\/8.3A-203\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-203","metadata":false},{"id":70902,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-204","catch_line":"Endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-204\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-204","metadata":false},{"id":54714,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-205","catch_line":"Special endorsement; blank endorsement; anomalous endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-205\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-205","metadata":false},{"id":65468,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-206","catch_line":"Restrictive endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-206\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-206","metadata":false},{"id":76773,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-207","catch_line":"Reacquisition","url":"\/8.3A-207\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-207","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":70902,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-204","catch_line":"Endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-204\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-204","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":65468,"structure_id":13720,"section_number":"8.3A-206","catch_line":"Restrictive endorsement","url":"\/8.3A-206\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-206","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.3A-205\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 3 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 149; in 1964, chapter 219; in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":[{"id":77332,"section_number":"8.3A-103","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-103\/"},{"id":76428,"section_number":"8.3A-109","catch_line":"Payable to bearer or to order","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-109\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":79693,"section_number":"8.3A-110","catch_line":"Identification of person to whom instrument is payable","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-110\/"}],"permalink":{"id":282807,"object_type":"law","relational_id":54714,"identifier":"8.3A-205","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-205","url":"\/8.3A-205\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.3A-205\/","token":"8.3A\/2\/8.3A-205","dublin_core":{"Title":"Special endorsement; blank endorsement; anomalous endorsement","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.3A-205","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> If an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument, whether payable to an identified person or payable to bearer, and the endorsement identifies a person to whom it makes the instrument payable, it is a “special endorsement.” When specially endorsed, an instrument becomes payable to the identified person and may be negotiated only by the endorsement of that person. The principles stated in § 8.3A-110<\/a> apply to special endorsements. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> If an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument and it is not a special endorsement, it is a “blank endorsement.” When endorsed in blank, an instrument becomes payable to bearer and may be negotiated by transfer of possession<\/span> alone until specially endorsed. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> The holder may convert a blank endorsement that consists only of a signature into a special endorsement by writing, above the signature of the endorser, words identifying the person to whom the instrument is made payable. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> “Anomalous endorsement<\/span>” means an endorsement made by a person who is not the holder of the instrument. An anomalous endorsement<\/span> does not affect the manner in which the instrument may be negotiated. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nSPECIAL ENDORSEMENT; BLANK ENDORSEMENT; ANOMALOUS ENDORSEMENT (\u00a7 8.3A-205)\n\na. If an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument, whether payable to\nan identified person or payable to bearer, and the endorsement identifies a\nperson to whom it makes the instrument payable, it is a “special\nendorsement.” When specially endorsed, an instrument becomes payable to\nthe identified person and may be negotiated only by the endorsement of that\nperson. The principles stated in § 8.3A-110 apply to special endorsements.\n\nb. If an endorsement is made by the holder of an instrument and it is not a\nspecial endorsement, it is a “blank endorsement.” When endorsed in\nblank, an instrument becomes payable to bearer and may be negotiated by transfer\nof possession alone until specially endorsed.\n\nc. The holder may convert a blank endorsement that consists only of a signature\ninto a special endorsement by writing, above the signature of the endorser,\nwords identifying the person to whom the instrument is made payable.\n\nd. “Anomalous endorsement” means an endorsement made by a person who\nis not the holder of the instrument. An anomalous endorsement does not affect\nthe manner in which the instrument may be negotiated.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-361, 6-385 through 6-388, 6-392; 1956, c. 149; 1964,\nc. 219, \u00a7\u00a7 8.3-111, 8.3-204; 1992, c. 693.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}