{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.3A-301.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.3A-301.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.3A-301.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.3A-301.html"}],"law_id":65014,"edition_id":1,"section_id":65014,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-301","catch_line":"Person entitled to enforce instrument","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 6-403; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.3-301; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"“Person entitled to enforce” an instrument means (i) the holder of the instrument, (ii) a nonholder in possession of the instrument who has the rights of a holder, or (iii) a person not in possession of the instrument who is entitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to \u00a7 8.3A-309 or \u00a7 8.3A-418 (d). A person may be a person entitled to enforce the instrument even though the person is not the owner of the instrument or is in wrongful possession of the instrument.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":236682,"text":"“Person entitled to enforce” an instrument means (i) the holder of the instrument, (ii) a nonholder in possession of the instrument who has the rights of a holder, or (iii) a person not in possession of the instrument who is entitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to \u00a7 8.3A-309 or \u00a7 8.3A-418 (d). A person may be a person entitled to enforce the instrument even though the person is not the owner of the instrument or is in wrongful possession of the instrument.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":13055,"edition_id":1,"name":"Enforcement of Instruments","identifier":"3","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13054,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":282819,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13055,"identifier":"3","token":"8.3A\/3","url":"\/8.3A\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13054,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Negotiable Instruments","identifier":"8.3A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":282705,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13054,"identifier":"8.3A","token":"8.3A","url":"\/8.3A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":65014,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-301","catch_line":"Person entitled to enforce instrument","url":"\/8.3A-301\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-301","metadata":false},{"id":57239,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-302","catch_line":"Holder in due course","url":"\/8.3A-302\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-302","metadata":false},{"id":57109,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-303","catch_line":"Value and consideration","url":"\/8.3A-303\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-303","metadata":false},{"id":54111,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-304","catch_line":"Overdue instrument","url":"\/8.3A-304\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-304","metadata":false},{"id":65312,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-305","catch_line":"Defenses and claims in recoupment","url":"\/8.3A-305\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-305","metadata":false},{"id":70356,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-306","catch_line":"Claims to an instrument","url":"\/8.3A-306\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-306","metadata":false},{"id":57726,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-307","catch_line":"Notice of breach of fiduciary duty","url":"\/8.3A-307\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-307","metadata":false},{"id":60258,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-308","catch_line":"Proof of signatures and status as holder in due course","url":"\/8.3A-308\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-308","metadata":false},{"id":57632,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-309","catch_line":"Enforcement of lost, destroyed, or stolen instrument","url":"\/8.3A-309\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-309","metadata":false},{"id":82224,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-310","catch_line":"Effect of instrument on obligation for which taken","url":"\/8.3A-310\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-310","metadata":false},{"id":83612,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-311","catch_line":"Accord and satisfaction by use of instrument","url":"\/8.3A-311\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-311","metadata":false},{"id":82560,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-312","catch_line":"Lost, destroyed, or stolen cashier's check, teller's check, or certified check","url":"\/8.3A-312\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-312","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":57239,"structure_id":13055,"section_number":"8.3A-302","catch_line":"Holder in due course","url":"\/8.3A-302\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-302","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.3A-301\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 219; in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":[{"id":77332,"section_number":"8.3A-103","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-103\/"},{"id":60258,"section_number":"8.3A-308","catch_line":"Proof of signatures and status as holder in due course","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-308\/"},{"id":73125,"section_number":"8.4-104","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4-104\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":57632,"section_number":"8.3A-309","catch_line":"Enforcement of lost, destroyed, or stolen instrument","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-309\/"},{"id":68633,"section_number":"8.3A-418","catch_line":"Payment or acceptance by mistake","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-418\/"}],"permalink":{"id":282821,"object_type":"law","relational_id":65014,"identifier":"8.3A-301","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-301","url":"\/8.3A-301\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.3A-301\/","token":"8.3A\/3\/8.3A-301","dublin_core":{"Title":"Person entitled to enforce instrument","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.3A-301","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

“Person entitled to enforce” an instrument means (i) the holder of the instrument, (ii) a nonholder in possession<\/span> of the instrument who has the rights of a holder, or (iii) a person not in possession<\/span> of the instrument who is entitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to \u00a7 8.3A-309<\/a> or \u00a7 8.3A-418<\/a> (d). A person may be a person entitled to enforce the instrument even though the person is not the owner of the instrument or is in wrongful possession<\/span> of the instrument.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPERSON ENTITLED TO ENFORCE INSTRUMENT (\u00a7 8.3A-301)\n\n“Person entitled to enforce” an instrument means (i) the holder of\nthe instrument, (ii) a nonholder in possession of the instrument who has the\nrights of a holder, or (iii) a person not in possession of the instrument who is\nentitled to enforce the instrument pursuant to \u00a7 8.3A-309 or \u00a7 8.3A-418 (d). A\nperson may be a person entitled to enforce the instrument even though the person\nis not the owner of the instrument or is in wrongful possession of the\ninstrument.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 6-403; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.3-301; 1992, c. 693.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}