{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.3A-412.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.3A-412.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.3A-412.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.3A-412.html"}],"law_id":85403,"edition_id":1,"section_id":85403,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-412","catch_line":"Obligation of issuer of note or cashier&#8217;s check","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-412 through 6-414; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.3-413; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"The issuer of a note or cashier&#8217;s check or other draft drawn on the drawer is obliged to pay the instrument (i) according to its terms at the time it was issued or, if not issued, at the time it first came into possession of a holder, or (ii) if the issuer signed an incomplete instrument, according to its terms when completed, to the extent stated in \u00a7\u00a7 8.3A-115 and 8.3A-407. The obligation is owed to a person entitled to enforce the instrument or to an endorser who paid the instrument under \u00a7 8.3A-415.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":305954,"text":"The issuer of a note or cashier&#8217;s check or other draft drawn on the drawer is obliged to pay the instrument (i) according to its terms at the time it was issued or, if not issued, at the time it first came into possession of a holder, or (ii) if the issuer signed an incomplete instrument, according to its terms when completed, to the extent stated in \u00a7\u00a7 8.3A-115 and 8.3A-407. The obligation is owed to a person entitled to enforce the instrument or to an endorser who paid the instrument under \u00a7 8.3A-415.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15041,"edition_id":1,"name":"Liability of Parties","identifier":"4","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13054,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:51:41","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:51:41","permalink":{"id":282869,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15041,"identifier":"4","token":"8.3A\/4","url":"\/8.3A\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13054,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Negotiable Instruments","identifier":"8.3A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":282705,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13054,"identifier":"8.3A","token":"8.3A","url":"\/8.3A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":72303,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-401","catch_line":"Signature necessary for liability on instrument","url":"\/8.3A-401\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-401","metadata":false},{"id":57340,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-402","catch_line":"Signature by representative","url":"\/8.3A-402\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-402","metadata":false},{"id":73829,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-403","catch_line":"Unauthorized signature","url":"\/8.3A-403\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-403","metadata":false},{"id":82256,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-404","catch_line":"Impostors; fictitious payees","url":"\/8.3A-404\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-404","metadata":false},{"id":85778,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-405","catch_line":"Employer's responsibility for fraudulent endorsement by employee","url":"\/8.3A-405\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-405","metadata":false},{"id":86533,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-406","catch_line":"Negligence contributing to forged signature or alteration of instrument","url":"\/8.3A-406\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-406","metadata":false},{"id":76929,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-407","catch_line":"Alteration","url":"\/8.3A-407\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-407","metadata":false},{"id":72123,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-408","catch_line":"Drawee not liable on unaccepted draft","url":"\/8.3A-408\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-408","metadata":false},{"id":74394,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-409","catch_line":"Acceptance of draft; certified check","url":"\/8.3A-409\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-409","metadata":false},{"id":86849,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-410","catch_line":"Acceptance varying draft","url":"\/8.3A-410\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-410","metadata":false},{"id":76564,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-411","catch_line":"Refusal to pay cashier's checks, teller's checks, and certified checks","url":"\/8.3A-411\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-411","metadata":false},{"id":85403,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-412","catch_line":"Obligation of issuer of note or cashier's check","url":"\/8.3A-412\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-412","metadata":false},{"id":62163,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-413","catch_line":"Obligation of acceptor","url":"\/8.3A-413\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-413","metadata":false},{"id":81363,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-414","catch_line":"Obligation of drawer","url":"\/8.3A-414\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-414","metadata":false},{"id":78513,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-415","catch_line":"Obligation of endorser","url":"\/8.3A-415\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-415","metadata":false},{"id":58496,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-416","catch_line":"Transfer warranties","url":"\/8.3A-416\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-416","metadata":false},{"id":63742,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-417","catch_line":"Presentment warranties","url":"\/8.3A-417\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-417","metadata":false},{"id":68633,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-418","catch_line":"Payment or acceptance by mistake","url":"\/8.3A-418\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-418","metadata":false},{"id":62031,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-419","catch_line":"Instruments signed for accommodation","url":"\/8.3A-419\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-419","metadata":false},{"id":75961,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-420","catch_line":"Conversion of instrument","url":"\/8.3A-420\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-420","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":76564,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-411","catch_line":"Refusal to pay cashier's checks, teller's checks, and certified checks","url":"\/8.3A-411\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-411","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":62163,"structure_id":15041,"section_number":"8.3A-413","catch_line":"Obligation of acceptor","url":"\/8.3A-413\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-413","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.3A-412\/","history_text":"<p>The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 219; in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":87003,"section_number":"8.3A-115","catch_line":"Incomplete instrument","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-115\/"},{"id":76929,"section_number":"8.3A-407","catch_line":"Alteration","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-407\/"},{"id":78513,"section_number":"8.3A-415","catch_line":"Obligation of endorser","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-415\/"}],"permalink":{"id":282915,"object_type":"law","relational_id":85403,"identifier":"8.3A-412","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-412","url":"\/8.3A-412\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.3A-412\/","token":"8.3A\/4\/8.3A-412","dublin_core":{"Title":"Obligation of issuer of note or cashier&#8217;s check","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.3A-412","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section><p>The issuer of a note or cashier&#8217;s check or other draft drawn on the drawer is obliged to pay the instrument (i) according to its terms at the time it was issued or, if not issued, at the time it first came into <span class=\"dictionary\">possession<\/span> of a holder, or (ii) if the issuer signed an incomplete instrument, according to its terms when completed, to the extent stated in \u00a7\u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Incomplete instrument\" href=\"\/8.3A-115\/\">8.3A-115<\/a> and <a class=\"law\" title=\"Alteration\" href=\"\/8.3A-407\/\">8.3A-407<\/a>. The obligation is owed to a person entitled to enforce the instrument or to an endorser who paid the instrument under \u00a7&nbsp;<a class=\"law\" title=\"Obligation of endorser\" href=\"\/8.3A-415\/\">8.3A-415<\/a>.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":"                                 CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nOBLIGATION OF ISSUER OF NOTE OR CASHIER&#8217;S CHECK (\u00a7 8.3A-412)\n\nThe issuer of a note or cashier&#8217;s check or other draft drawn on the drawer\nis obliged to pay the instrument (i) according to its terms at the time it was\nissued or, if not issued, at the time it first came into possession of a holder,\nor (ii) if the issuer signed an incomplete instrument, according to its terms\nwhen completed, to the extent stated in \u00a7\u00a7 8.3A-115 and 8.3A-407. The\nobligation is owed to a person entitled to enforce the instrument or to an\nendorser who paid the instrument under \u00a7 8.3A-415.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-412 through 6-414; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.3-413; 1992, c.\n693.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}