{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.3A-505.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.3A-505.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.3A-505.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.3A-505.html"}],"law_id":74618,"edition_id":1,"section_id":74618,"structure_id":14055,"section_number":"8.3A-505","catch_line":"Evidence of dishonor","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-506 through 6-509, 6-511, 6-513; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7\u00a7 8.3-509, 8.3-510; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"a\n\nThe following are admissible as evidence and create a presumption of dishonor and of any notice of dishonor stated:1\n\na document regular in form as provided in subsection (b) which purports to be a protest;2\n\na purported stamp or writing of the drawee, payor bank, or presenting bank on or accompanying the instrument stating that acceptance or payment has been refused unless reasons for the refusal are stated and the reasons are not consistent with dishonor;3\n\na book or record of the drawee, payor bank, or collecting bank, kept in the usual course of business which shows dishonor, even if there is no evidence of who made the entry.b\n\nA protest is a certificate of dishonor made by a United States consul or vice-consul, or a notary public or other person authorized to administer oaths by the law of the place where dishonor occurs. It may be made upon information satisfactory to that person. The protest must identify the instrument and certify either that presentment has been made or, if not made, the reason why it was not made, and that the instrument has been dishonored by nonacceptance or nonpayment. The protest may also certify that notice of dishonor has been given to some or all parties.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":268181,"text":"The following are admissible as evidence and create a presumption of dishonor and of any notice of dishonor stated:","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"a1"},"1":{"id":268182,"text":"a document regular in form as provided in subsection (b) which purports to be a protest;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"a1","prefix_anchor":"a1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"a2"},"2":{"id":268183,"text":"a purported stamp or writing of the drawee, payor bank, or presenting bank on or accompanying the instrument stating that acceptance or payment has been refused unless reasons for the refusal are stated and the reasons are not consistent with dishonor;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"a2","prefix_anchor":"a2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a1","next_prefix":"a3"},"3":{"id":268184,"text":"a book or record of the drawee, payor bank, or collecting bank, kept in the usual course of business which shows dishonor, even if there is no evidence of who made the entry.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"a3","prefix_anchor":"a3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a2","next_prefix":"b"},"4":{"id":268185,"text":"A protest is a certificate of dishonor made by a United States consul or vice-consul, or a notary public or other person authorized to administer oaths by the law of the place where dishonor occurs. It may be made upon information satisfactory to that person. The protest must identify the instrument and certify either that presentment has been made or, if not made, the reason why it was not made, and that the instrument has been dishonored by nonacceptance or nonpayment. The protest may also certify that notice of dishonor has been given to some or all parties.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14055,"edition_id":1,"name":"Dishonor","identifier":"5","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13054,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:43","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:43","permalink":{"id":282951,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14055,"identifier":"5","token":"8.3A\/5","url":"\/8.3A\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13054,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Negotiable Instruments","identifier":"8.3A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:11","permalink":{"id":282705,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13054,"identifier":"8.3A","token":"8.3A","url":"\/8.3A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":87167,"structure_id":14055,"section_number":"8.3A-501","catch_line":"Presentment","url":"\/8.3A-501\/","token":"8.3A\/5\/8.3A-501","metadata":false},{"id":60859,"structure_id":14055,"section_number":"8.3A-502","catch_line":"Dishonor","url":"\/8.3A-502\/","token":"8.3A\/5\/8.3A-502","metadata":false},{"id":57454,"structure_id":14055,"section_number":"8.3A-503","catch_line":"Notice of dishonor","url":"\/8.3A-503\/","token":"8.3A\/5\/8.3A-503","metadata":false},{"id":55156,"structure_id":14055,"section_number":"8.3A-504","catch_line":"Excused presentment and notice of dishonor","url":"\/8.3A-504\/","token":"8.3A\/5\/8.3A-504","metadata":false},{"id":74618,"structure_id":14055,"section_number":"8.3A-505","catch_line":"Evidence of dishonor","url":"\/8.3A-505\/","token":"8.3A\/5\/8.3A-505","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":55156,"structure_id":14055,"section_number":"8.3A-504","catch_line":"Excused presentment and notice of dishonor","url":"\/8.3A-504\/","token":"8.3A\/5\/8.3A-504","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.3A-505\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 219; in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":282969,"object_type":"law","relational_id":74618,"identifier":"8.3A-505","token":"8.3A\/5\/8.3A-505","url":"\/8.3A-505\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.3A-505\/","token":"8.3A\/5\/8.3A-505","dublin_core":{"Title":"Evidence of dishonor","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.3A-505","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> The following are admissible<\/span> as evidence<\/span> and create a presumption<\/span> of dishonor and of any notice of dishonor stated: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> a document regular in form as provided in subsection (b) which purports to be a protest; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> a purported stamp or writing of the drawee, payor bank, or presenting bank on or accompanying the instrument stating that acceptance or payment has been refused unless reasons for the refusal are stated and the reasons are not consistent with dishonor; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> a book or record of the drawee, payor bank, or collecting bank, kept in the usual course of business which shows dishonor, even if there is no evidence<\/span> of who made the entry. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> A protest is a certificate of dishonor made by a United States consul or vice-consul, or a notary public or other person authorized to administer oaths<\/span> by the law<\/span> of the place where dishonor occurs. It may be made upon information satisfactory to that person. The protest must identify the instrument and certify either that presentment<\/span> has been made or, if not made, the reason why it was not made, and that the instrument has been dishonored by nonacceptance or nonpayment. The protest may also certify that notice of dishonor has been given to some or all parties. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nEVIDENCE OF DISHONOR (\u00a7 8.3A-505)\n\na. The following are admissible as evidence and create a presumption of dishonor\nand of any notice of dishonor stated:\n\n 1. a document regular in form as provided in subsection (b) which purports to\n be a protest;\n\n 2. a purported stamp or writing of the drawee, payor bank, or presenting bank\n on or accompanying the instrument stating that acceptance or payment has been\n refused unless reasons for the refusal are stated and the reasons are not\n consistent with dishonor;\n\n 3. a book or record of the drawee, payor bank, or collecting bank, kept in the\n usual course of business which shows dishonor, even if there is no evidence of\n who made the entry.\n\nb. A protest is a certificate of dishonor made by a United States consul or\nvice-consul, or a notary public or other person authorized to administer oaths\nby the law of the place where dishonor occurs. It may be made upon information\nsatisfactory to that person. The protest must identify the instrument and\ncertify either that presentment has been made or, if not made, the reason why it\nwas not made, and that the instrument has been dishonored by nonacceptance or\nnonpayment. The protest may also certify that notice of dishonor has been given\nto some or all parties.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-506 through 6-509, 6-511, 6-513; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7\u00a7\n8.3-509, 8.3-510; 1992, c. 693.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}