{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.4-102.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.4-102.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.4-102.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.4-102.html"}],"law_id":75718,"edition_id":1,"section_id":75718,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-102","catch_line":"Applicability","history":"1964, c. 219; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"a\n\nTo the extent that items within this title are also within the scope of Titles 8.3A and 8.8A, they are subject to those titles. If there is conflict this title governs Title 8.3A but Title 8.8A governs this title.b\n\nThe liability of a bank for action or nonaction with respect to an item handled by it for purposes of presentment, payment or collection is governed by the law of the place where the bank is located. In the case of action or nonaction by or at a branch or separate office of a bank, its liability is governed by the law of the place where the branch or separate office is located.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":271891,"text":"To the extent that items within this title are also within the scope of Titles 8.3A and 8.8A, they are subject to those titles. If there is conflict this title governs Title 8.3A but Title 8.8A governs this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":271892,"text":"The liability of a bank for action or nonaction with respect to an item handled by it for purposes of presentment, payment or collection is governed by the law of the place where the bank is located. In the case of action or nonaction by or at a branch or separate office of a bank, its liability is governed by the law of the place where the branch or separate office is located.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12769,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions and Definitions","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12768,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":282997,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12769,"identifier":"1","token":"8.4\/1","url":"\/8.4\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12768,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Bank Deposits and Collections","identifier":"8.4","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":282995,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12768,"identifier":"8.4","token":"8.4","url":"\/8.4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84896,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.4-101\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-101","metadata":false},{"id":75718,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-102","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/8.4-102\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-102","metadata":false},{"id":71564,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-103","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; measure of damages; action constituting ordinary care","url":"\/8.4-103\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-103","metadata":false},{"id":73125,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-104","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","url":"\/8.4-104\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-104","metadata":false},{"id":79280,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-105","catch_line":"\"Bank\"; \"depositary bank\"; \"intermediary bank\"; \"collecting bank\"; \"payor bank\"; \"presenting bank.\"","url":"\/8.4-105\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-105","metadata":false},{"id":59400,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-105.1","catch_line":"Payable through or payable at bank; collecting bank","url":"\/8.4-105.1\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-105.1","metadata":false},{"id":53957,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-106","catch_line":"Separate office of a bank","url":"\/8.4-106\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-106","metadata":false},{"id":65448,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-107","catch_line":"Time of receipt of items","url":"\/8.4-107\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-107","metadata":false},{"id":63473,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-108","catch_line":"Delays","url":"\/8.4-108\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-108","metadata":false},{"id":66349,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-109","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.4-109\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-109","metadata":false},{"id":64500,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-110","catch_line":"Electronic presentment","url":"\/8.4-110\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-110","metadata":false},{"id":72982,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-111","catch_line":"Statute of limitations","url":"\/8.4-111\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-111","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":84896,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.4-101\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-101","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":71564,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-103","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; measure of damages; action constituting ordinary care","url":"\/8.4-103\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-103","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.4-102\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":[{"id":58892,"section_number":"8.1A-301","catch_line":"Territorial applicability; parties' power to choose applicable law","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.1A-301\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":283003,"object_type":"law","relational_id":75718,"identifier":"8.4-102","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-102","url":"\/8.4-102\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.4-102\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-102","dublin_core":{"Title":"Applicability","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.4-102","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> To the extent that items within this title are also within the scope of Titles 8.3A and 8.8A, they are subject to those titles. If there is conflict this title governs Title 8.3A but Title 8.8A governs this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> The liability of a bank<\/span> for action or nonaction with respect to an item handled by it for purposes of presentment<\/span>, payment or collection is governed by the law<\/span> of the place where the bank<\/span> is located. In the case of action or nonaction by or at a branch or separate office of a bank<\/span>, its liability is governed by the law<\/span> of the place where the branch or separate office is located. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nAPPLICABILITY (\u00a7 8.4-102)\n\na. To the extent that items within this title are also within the scope of\nTitles 8.3A and 8.8A, they are subject to those titles. If there is conflict\nthis title governs Title 8.3A but Title 8.8A governs this title.\n\nb. The liability of a bank for action or nonaction with respect to an item\nhandled by it for purposes of presentment, payment or collection is governed by\nthe law of the place where the bank is located. In the case of action or\nnonaction by or at a branch or separate office of a bank, its liability is\ngoverned by the law of the place where the branch or separate office is located.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219; 1992, c. 693.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}