{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.4-104.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.4-104.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.4-104.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.4-104.html"}],"law_id":73125,"edition_id":1,"section_id":73125,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-104","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","history":"1964, c. 219; 1976, c. 118; 1992, c. 693; 1996, c. 216; 2003, c. 353; 2004, c. 200.","full_text":"a\n\nIn this title, unless the context otherwise requires:1\n\n“Account” means any deposit or credit account with a bank including demand, time savings passbook, share draft, or like account, other than an account evidenced by a certificate of deposit;2\n\n“Afternoon” means the period of a day between noon and midnight;3\n\n“Banking day” means the part of a day on which a bank is open to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions, but shall not include Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday;4\n\n“Clearing house” means an association of banks or other payors regularly clearing items;5\n\n“Customer” means a person having an account with a bank or for whom a bank has agreed to collect items, including a bank that maintains an account at another bank;6\n\n“Documentary draft” means any negotiable or nonnegotiable draft with accompanying documents, securities or other papers to be delivered against honor of the draft; or a draft to be presented for acceptance or payment if specified documents, certificated securities (§ 8.8A-102) or instructions for uncertified securities (§ 8.8A-102), or other certificates, statements, or the like are to be received by the drawee or other payor before acceptance or payment of the draft;7\n\n“Draft” means a draft as defined in § 8.3A-104 or an item, other than an instrument, that is an order;8\n\n“Drawee” means a person ordered in a draft to make payment;9\n\n“Item” means an instrument or a promise or order to pay money handled by a bank for collection or payment. The term does not include a payment order governed by Article 4A or a credit or debit card slip;10\n\n“Midnight deadline” with respect to a bank is midnight on its next banking day following the banking day on which it receives the relevant item or notice or from which the time for taking action commences to run, whichever is later;11\n\n“Settle” means to pay in cash, by clearing-house settlement, in a charge or credit or by remittance, or otherwise as agreed. A settlement may be either provisional or final;12\n\n“Suspends payments” with respect to a bank means that it has been closed by order of the supervisory authorities, that a public officer has been appointed to take it over or that it ceases or refuses to make payments in the ordinary course of business.b\n\nOther definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Agreement for electronic presentment”§ 8.4-110.\n\t\t\t“Bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Collecting bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Depositary bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Intermediary bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Payor bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Presenting bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Presentment notice”§ 8.4-110.c\n\nThe following definitions in other titles apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance”§ 8.3A-409.\n\t\t\t“Alteration”§ 8.3A-407.\n\t\t\t“Cashier’s check”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Certificate of deposit”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Certified check”§ 8.3A-409.\n\t\t\t“Check”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Control”§ 8.7-106.\n\t\t\t“Draft”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Good faith”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Holder in due course”§ 8.3A-302.\n\t\t\t“Instrument”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Notice of dishonor”§ 8.3A-503.\n\t\t\t“Order”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Ordinary care”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Person entitled to enforce”§ 8.3A-301.\n\t\t\t“Presentment”§ 8.3A-501.\n\t\t\t“Promise”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Prove”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Teller’s check”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Unauthorized signature”§ 8.3A-403.d\n\nIn addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":263298,"text":"In this title, unless the context otherwise requires:","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"a1"},"1":{"id":263299,"text":"“Account” means any deposit or credit account with a bank including demand, time savings passbook, share draft, or like account, other than an account evidenced by a certificate of deposit;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"a1","prefix_anchor":"a1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"a2"},"2":{"id":263300,"text":"“Afternoon” means the period of a day between noon and midnight;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"a2","prefix_anchor":"a2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a1","next_prefix":"a3"},"3":{"id":263301,"text":"“Banking day” means the part of a day on which a bank is open to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions, but shall not include Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"a3","prefix_anchor":"a3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a2","next_prefix":"a4"},"4":{"id":263302,"text":"“Clearing house” means an association of banks or other payors regularly clearing items;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"a4","prefix_anchor":"a4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a3","next_prefix":"a5"},"5":{"id":263303,"text":"“Customer” means a person having an account with a bank or for whom a bank has agreed to collect items, including a bank that maintains an account at another bank;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"a5","prefix_anchor":"a5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a4","next_prefix":"a6"},"6":{"id":263304,"text":"“Documentary draft” means any negotiable or nonnegotiable draft with accompanying documents, securities or other papers to be delivered against honor of the draft; or a draft to be presented for acceptance or payment if specified documents, certificated securities (§ 8.8A-102) or instructions for uncertified securities (§ 8.8A-102), or other certificates, statements, or the like are to be received by the drawee or other payor before acceptance or payment of the draft;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"a6","prefix_anchor":"a6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a5","next_prefix":"a7"},"7":{"id":263305,"text":"“Draft” means a draft as defined in § 8.3A-104 or an item, other than an instrument, that is an order;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"a7","prefix_anchor":"a7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a6","next_prefix":"a8"},"8":{"id":263306,"text":"“Drawee” means a person ordered in a draft to make payment;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"a8","prefix_anchor":"a8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a7","next_prefix":"a9"},"9":{"id":263307,"text":"“Item” means an instrument or a promise or order to pay money handled by a bank for collection or payment. The term does not include a payment order governed by Article 4A or a credit or debit card slip;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"a9","prefix_anchor":"a9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a8","next_prefix":"a10"},"10":{"id":263308,"text":"“Midnight deadline” with respect to a bank is midnight on its next banking day following the banking day on which it receives the relevant item or notice or from which the time for taking action commences to run, whichever is later;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"a10","prefix_anchor":"a10","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a9","next_prefix":"a11"},"11":{"id":263309,"text":"“Settle” means to pay in cash, by clearing-house settlement, in a charge or credit or by remittance, or otherwise as agreed. A settlement may be either provisional or final;","type":"section","prefixes":["a","11"],"prefix":"11","entire_prefix":"a11","prefix_anchor":"a11","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a10","next_prefix":"a12"},"12":{"id":263310,"text":"“Suspends payments” with respect to a bank means that it has been closed by order of the supervisory authorities, that a public officer has been appointed to take it over or that it ceases or refuses to make payments in the ordinary course of business.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","12"],"prefix":"12","entire_prefix":"a12","prefix_anchor":"a12","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a11","next_prefix":"b"},"13":{"id":263311,"text":"Other definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Agreement for electronic presentment”§ 8.4-110.\n\t\t\t“Bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Collecting bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Depositary bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Intermediary bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Payor bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Presenting bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Presentment notice”§ 8.4-110.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a12","next_prefix":"c"},"14":{"id":263312,"text":"The following definitions in other titles apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance”§ 8.3A-409.\n\t\t\t“Alteration”§ 8.3A-407.\n\t\t\t“Cashier’s check”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Certificate of deposit”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Certified check”§ 8.3A-409.\n\t\t\t“Check”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Control”§ 8.7-106.\n\t\t\t“Draft”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Good faith”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Holder in due course”§ 8.3A-302.\n\t\t\t“Instrument”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Notice of dishonor”§ 8.3A-503.\n\t\t\t“Order”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Ordinary care”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Person entitled to enforce”§ 8.3A-301.\n\t\t\t“Presentment”§ 8.3A-501.\n\t\t\t“Promise”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Prove”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Teller’s check”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Unauthorized signature”§ 8.3A-403.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"d"},"15":{"id":263313,"text":"In addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c"}},"ancestry":[{"id":12769,"edition_id":1,"name":"General Provisions and Definitions","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12768,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":282997,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12769,"identifier":"1","token":"8.4\/1","url":"\/8.4\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12768,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Bank Deposits and Collections","identifier":"8.4","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":282995,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12768,"identifier":"8.4","token":"8.4","url":"\/8.4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84896,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.4-101\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-101","metadata":false},{"id":75718,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-102","catch_line":"Applicability","url":"\/8.4-102\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-102","metadata":false},{"id":71564,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-103","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; measure of damages; action constituting ordinary care","url":"\/8.4-103\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-103","metadata":false},{"id":73125,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-104","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","url":"\/8.4-104\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-104","metadata":false},{"id":79280,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-105","catch_line":"\"Bank\"; \"depositary bank\"; \"intermediary bank\"; \"collecting bank\"; \"payor bank\"; \"presenting bank.\"","url":"\/8.4-105\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-105","metadata":false},{"id":59400,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-105.1","catch_line":"Payable through or payable at bank; collecting bank","url":"\/8.4-105.1\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-105.1","metadata":false},{"id":53957,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-106","catch_line":"Separate office of a bank","url":"\/8.4-106\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-106","metadata":false},{"id":65448,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-107","catch_line":"Time of receipt of items","url":"\/8.4-107\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-107","metadata":false},{"id":63473,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-108","catch_line":"Delays","url":"\/8.4-108\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-108","metadata":false},{"id":66349,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-109","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/8.4-109\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-109","metadata":false},{"id":64500,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-110","catch_line":"Electronic presentment","url":"\/8.4-110\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-110","metadata":false},{"id":72982,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-111","catch_line":"Statute of limitations","url":"\/8.4-111\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-111","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":71564,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-103","catch_line":"Variation by agreement; measure of damages; action constituting ordinary care","url":"\/8.4-103\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-103","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":79280,"structure_id":12769,"section_number":"8.4-105","catch_line":"\"Bank\"; \"depositary bank\"; \"intermediary bank\"; \"collecting bank\"; \"payor bank\"; \"presenting bank.\"","url":"\/8.4-105\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-105","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.4-104\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 5 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1976, chapter 118; in 1992, chapter 693; in 1996, chapter 216<\/a>; in 2003, chapter 353<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 200<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":77332,"section_number":"8.3A-103","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-103\/"},{"id":76749,"section_number":"8.4A-105","catch_line":"Other definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-105\/"},{"id":58431,"section_number":"8.9A-102","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-102\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":77332,"section_number":"8.3A-103","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-103\/"},{"id":82039,"section_number":"8.3A-104","catch_line":"Negotiable instrument","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-104\/"},{"id":65014,"section_number":"8.3A-301","catch_line":"Person entitled to enforce instrument","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-301\/"},{"id":57239,"section_number":"8.3A-302","catch_line":"Holder in due course","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-302\/"},{"id":76929,"section_number":"8.3A-407","catch_line":"Alteration","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-407\/"},{"id":74394,"section_number":"8.3A-409","catch_line":"Acceptance of draft; certified check","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-409\/"},{"id":87167,"section_number":"8.3A-501","catch_line":"Presentment","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-501\/"},{"id":57454,"section_number":"8.3A-503","catch_line":"Notice of dishonor","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-503\/"},{"id":79280,"section_number":"8.4-105","catch_line":"\"Bank\"; \"depositary bank\"; \"intermediary bank\"; \"collecting bank\"; \"payor bank\"; \"presenting bank.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4-105\/"},{"id":64500,"section_number":"8.4-110","catch_line":"Electronic presentment","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4-110\/"},{"id":67103,"section_number":"8.7-106","catch_line":"Control of electronic document","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.7-106\/"},{"id":69812,"section_number":"8.8A-102","catch_line":"Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.8A-102\/"}],"permalink":{"id":283011,"object_type":"law","relational_id":73125,"identifier":"8.4-104","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-104","url":"\/8.4-104\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.4-104\/","token":"8.4\/1\/8.4-104","dublin_core":{"Title":"Definitions and index of definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.4-104","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> In this title, unless the context otherwise requires: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> “Account<\/span>” means any deposit or credit account<\/span> with a bank<\/span> including demand, time savings passbook, share draft<\/span>, or like account<\/span>, other than an account<\/span> evidenced by a certificate of deposit; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> “Afternoon<\/span>” means the period of a day between noon and midnight; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> “Banking day<\/span>” means the part of a day on which a bank<\/span> is open to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions, but shall not include Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> “Clearing house<\/span>” means an association of banks<\/span> or other payors regularly clearing items<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> “Customer<\/span>” means a person having an account<\/span> with a bank<\/span> or for whom a bank<\/span> has agreed to collect items<\/span>, including a bank<\/span> that maintains an account<\/span> at another bank<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> “Documentary draft<\/span>” means any negotiable or nonnegotiable draft with accompanying documents, securities or other papers to be delivered against honor of the draft; or a draft to be presented for acceptance or payment if specified documents, certificated securities (§ 8.8A-102<\/a>) or instructions for uncertified securities (§ 8.8A-102<\/a>), or other certificates, statements, or the like are to be received by the drawee<\/span> or other payor before acceptance or payment of the draft; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> “Draft” means a draft as defined in § 8.3A-104<\/a> or an item<\/span>, other than an instrument, that is an order<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> “Drawee<\/span>” means a person ordered in a draft to make payment; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> “Item<\/span>” means an instrument or a promise or order<\/span> to pay money handled by a bank<\/span> for collection or payment. The term does not include a payment order<\/span> governed by Article 4A or a credit or debit card slip; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> “Midnight deadline” with respect to a bank<\/span> is midnight on its next banking day<\/span> following the banking day<\/span> on which it receives the relevant item<\/span> or notice or from which the time for taking action commences to run, whichever is later; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

11.<\/span> “Settle<\/span>” means to pay in cash, by clearing-house settlement<\/span>, in a charge or credit or by remittance, or otherwise as agreed. A settlement<\/span> may be either provisional or final; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

12.<\/span> “Suspends payments<\/span>” with respect to a bank<\/span> means that it has been closed by order<\/span> of the supervisory authorities, that a public officer has been appointed to take it over or that it ceases or refuses to make payments in the ordinary course of business. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> Other definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Agreement for electronic presentment<\/span>”§ 8.4-110<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Bank”§ 8.4-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Collecting bank<\/span>”§ 8.4-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Depositary bank<\/span>”§ 8.4-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Intermediary bank<\/span>”§ 8.4-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Payor bank<\/span>”§ 8.4-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Presenting bank<\/span>”§ 8.4-105<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Presentment<\/span> notice”§ 8.4-110<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> The following definitions in other titles apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance”§ 8.3A-409<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Alteration”§ 8.3A-407<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Cashier’s check”§ 8.3A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Certificate of deposit”§ 8.3A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Certified check”§ 8.3A-409<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Check”§ 8.3A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Control”§ 8.7-106<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Draft”§ 8.3A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Good faith”§ 8.3A-103<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Holder in due course”§ 8.3A-302<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Instrument”§ 8.3A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Notice of dishonor”§ 8.3A-503<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Order<\/span>”§ 8.3A-103<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Ordinary care”§ 8.3A-103<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Person entitled to enforce”§ 8.3A-301<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Presentment<\/span>”§ 8.3A-501<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Promise”§ 8.3A-103<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Prove”§ 8.3A-103<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Teller’s check”§ 8.3A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Unauthorized signature”§ 8.3A-403<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> In addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDEFINITIONS AND INDEX OF DEFINITIONS (\u00a7 8.4-104)\n\na. In this title, unless the context otherwise requires:\n\n 1. “Account” means any deposit or credit account with a bank\n including demand, time savings passbook, share draft, or like account, other\n than an account evidenced by a certificate of deposit;\n\n 2. “Afternoon” means the period of a day between noon and\n midnight;\n\n 3. “Banking day” means the part of a day on which a bank is open\n to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions, but\n shall not include Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday;\n\n 4. “Clearing house” means an association of banks or other payors\n regularly clearing items;\n\n 5. “Customer” means a person having an account with a bank or for\n whom a bank has agreed to collect items, including a bank that maintains an\n account at another bank;\n\n 6. “Documentary draft” means any negotiable or nonnegotiable draft\n with accompanying documents, securities or other papers to be delivered\n against honor of the draft; or a draft to be presented for acceptance or\n payment if specified documents, certificated securities (§ 8.8A-102) or\n instructions for uncertified securities (§ 8.8A-102), or other\n certificates, statements, or the like are to be received by the drawee or\n other payor before acceptance or payment of the draft;\n\n 7. “Draft” means a draft as defined in § 8.3A-104 or an item,\n other than an instrument, that is an order;\n\n 8. “Drawee” means a person ordered in a draft to make payment;\n\n 9. “Item” means an instrument or a promise or order to pay money\n handled by a bank for collection or payment. The term does not include a\n payment order governed by Article 4A or a credit or debit card slip;\n\n 10. “Midnight deadline” with respect to a bank is midnight on its\n next banking day following the banking day on which it receives the relevant\n item or notice or from which the time for taking action commences to run,\n whichever is later;\n\n 11. “Settle” means to pay in cash, by clearing-house settlement,\n in a charge or credit or by remittance, or otherwise as agreed. A settlement\n may be either provisional or final;\n\n 12. “Suspends payments” with respect to a bank means that it has\n been closed by order of the supervisory authorities, that a public officer has\n been appointed to take it over or that it ceases or refuses to make payments\n in the ordinary course of business.\n\nb. Other definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they\nappear are:\n\t\t\t“Agreement for electronic presentment”§ 8.4-110.\n\t\t\t“Bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Collecting bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Depositary bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Intermediary bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Payor bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Presenting bank”§ 8.4-105.\n\t\t\t“Presentment notice”§ 8.4-110.\n\nc. The following definitions in other titles apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance”§ 8.3A-409.\n\t\t\t“Alteration”§ 8.3A-407.\n\t\t\t“Cashier’s check”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Certificate of deposit”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Certified check”§ 8.3A-409.\n\t\t\t“Check”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Control”§ 8.7-106.\n\t\t\t“Draft”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Good faith”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Holder in due course”§ 8.3A-302.\n\t\t\t“Instrument”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Notice of dishonor”§ 8.3A-503.\n\t\t\t“Order”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Ordinary care”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Person entitled to enforce”§ 8.3A-301.\n\t\t\t“Presentment”§ 8.3A-501.\n\t\t\t“Promise”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Prove”§ 8.3A-103.\n\t\t\t“Teller’s check”§ 8.3A-104.\n\t\t\t“Unauthorized signature”§ 8.3A-403.\n\nd. In addition Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of\nconstruction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219; 1976, c. 118; 1992, c. 693; 1996, c. 216; 2003, c. 353;\n2004, c. 200.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}