{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.4-403.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.4-403.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.4-403.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.4-403.html"}],"law_id":67226,"edition_id":1,"section_id":67226,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-403","catch_line":"Customer’s right to stop payment; burden of proof of loss","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7 6-73; 1964, c. 219; 1992, c. 693.","full_text":"a\n\nA customer or any person authorized to draw on the account if there is more than one person may stop payment of any item drawn on the customer’s account or close the account by an order to the bank describing the item or account with reasonable certainty received at a time and in a manner that affords the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before any action by the bank with respect to the item described in § 8.4-303. If the signature of more than one person is required to draw on an account, any of these persons may stop payment or close the account.b\n\nA stop-payment order is effective for six months, but it lapses after fourteen calendar days if the original order was oral and was not confirmed in writing within that period. A stop-payment order may be renewed for additional six-month periods by a writing given to the bank within a period during which the stop-payment order is effective.c\n\nThe burden of establishing the fact and amount of loss resulting from the payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order or order to close an account is on the customer. The loss from payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under § 8.4-402.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":243677,"text":"A customer or any person authorized to draw on the account if there is more than one person may stop payment of any item drawn on the customer’s account or close the account by an order to the bank describing the item or account with reasonable certainty received at a time and in a manner that affords the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before any action by the bank with respect to the item described in § 8.4-303. If the signature of more than one person is required to draw on an account, any of these persons may stop payment or close the account.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":243678,"text":"A stop-payment order is effective for six months, but it lapses after fourteen calendar days if the original order was oral and was not confirmed in writing within that period. A stop-payment order may be renewed for additional six-month periods by a writing given to the bank within a period during which the stop-payment order is effective.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"c"},"2":{"id":243679,"text":"The burden of establishing the fact and amount of loss resulting from the payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order or order to close an account is on the customer. The loss from payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under § 8.4-402.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13333,"edition_id":1,"name":"Relationship Between Payor Bank and Its Customer","identifier":"4","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12768,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:39","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:39","permalink":{"id":283139,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13333,"identifier":"4","token":"8.4\/4","url":"\/8.4\/4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12768,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Bank Deposits and Collections","identifier":"8.4","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:52","permalink":{"id":282995,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12768,"identifier":"8.4","token":"8.4","url":"\/8.4\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":69237,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-401","catch_line":"When bank may charge customer's account","url":"\/8.4-401\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-401","metadata":false},{"id":54315,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-402","catch_line":"Bank's liability to customer for wrongful dishonor; time of determining insufficiency of account","url":"\/8.4-402\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-402","metadata":false},{"id":67226,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-403","catch_line":"Customer's right to stop payment; burden of proof of loss","url":"\/8.4-403\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-403","metadata":false},{"id":86835,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-404","catch_line":"Bank not obligated to pay check more than six months old","url":"\/8.4-404\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-404","metadata":false},{"id":78330,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-405","catch_line":"Death or incompetence of customer","url":"\/8.4-405\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-405","metadata":false},{"id":56628,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-406","catch_line":"Customer's duty to discover and report unauthorized signature or alteration","url":"\/8.4-406\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-406","metadata":false},{"id":57675,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-407","catch_line":"Payor bank's right to subrogation on improper payment","url":"\/8.4-407\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-407","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":54315,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-402","catch_line":"Bank's liability to customer for wrongful dishonor; time of determining insufficiency of account","url":"\/8.4-402\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-402","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":86835,"structure_id":13333,"section_number":"8.4-404","catch_line":"Bank not obligated to pay check more than six months old","url":"\/8.4-404\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-404","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.4-403\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1964, chapter 219; in 1992, chapter 693.<\/p>","references":[{"id":68633,"section_number":"8.3A-418","catch_line":"Payment or acceptance by mistake","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.3A-418\/"},{"id":69237,"section_number":"8.4-401","catch_line":"When bank may charge customer's account","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4-401\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":82797,"section_number":"8.4-303","catch_line":"When items subject to notice, stop-payment order, legal process or setoff; order in which items may be charged or certified","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4-303\/"},{"id":54315,"section_number":"8.4-402","catch_line":"Bank's liability to customer for wrongful dishonor; time of determining insufficiency of account","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4-402\/"}],"permalink":{"id":283149,"object_type":"law","relational_id":67226,"identifier":"8.4-403","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-403","url":"\/8.4-403\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.4-403\/","token":"8.4\/4\/8.4-403","dublin_core":{"Title":"Customer’s right to stop payment; burden of proof of loss","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.4-403","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> A customer or any person authorized to draw on the account if there is more than one person may stop payment of any item drawn on the customer’s account or close the account by an order<\/span> to the bank<\/span> describing the item or account with reasonable certainty received at a time and in a manner that affords the bank<\/span> a reasonable opportunity to act on it before any action by the bank<\/span> with respect to the item described in § 8.4-303<\/a>. If the signature of more than one person is required to draw on an account, any of these persons may stop payment or close the account. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> A stop-payment order<\/span> is effective for six months, but it lapses after fourteen calendar days if the original order<\/span> was oral and was not confirmed in writing within that period. A stop-payment order<\/span> may be renewed for additional six-month periods by a writing given to the bank<\/span> within a period during which the stop-payment order<\/span> is effective. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> The burden of establishing the fact<\/span> and amount of loss resulting from the payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order<\/span> or order<\/span> to close an account is on the customer. The loss from payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order<\/span> may include damages<\/span> for dishonor of subsequent items under § 8.4-402<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCUSTOMER’S RIGHT TO STOP PAYMENT; BURDEN OF PROOF OF LOSS (\u00a7 8.4-403)\n\na. A customer or any person authorized to draw on the account if there is more\nthan one person may stop payment of any item drawn on the customer’s\naccount or close the account by an order to the bank describing the item or\naccount with reasonable certainty received at a time and in a manner that\naffords the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before any action by the\nbank with respect to the item described in § 8.4-303. If the signature of\nmore than one person is required to draw on an account, any of these persons may\nstop payment or close the account.\n\nb. A stop-payment order is effective for six months, but it lapses after\nfourteen calendar days if the original order was oral and was not confirmed in\nwriting within that period. A stop-payment order may be renewed for additional\nsix-month periods by a writing given to the bank within a period during which\nthe stop-payment order is effective.\n\nc. The burden of establishing the fact and amount of loss resulting from the\npayment of an item contrary to a stop-payment order or order to close an account\nis on the customer. The loss from payment of an item contrary to a stop-payment\norder may include damages for dishonor of subsequent items under § 8.4-402.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7 6-73; 1964, c. 219; 1992, c. 693.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}