{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.4A-105.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.4A-105.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.4A-105.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.4A-105.html"}],"law_id":76749,"edition_id":1,"section_id":76749,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-105","catch_line":"Other definitions","history":"1990, c. 9; 2003, c. 353.","full_text":"a\n\nIn this title:1\n\n“Authorized account” means a deposit account of a customer in a bank designated by the customer as a source of payment orders issued by the customer to the bank. If a customer does so designate an account, any account of the customer is an authorized account if payment of a payment order from that account is not inconsistent with a restriction on the use of that account.2\n\n“Bank” means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company. A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for purposes of this title.3\n\n“Customer” means a person, including a bank, having an account with a bank or from whom a bank has agreed to receive payment orders.4\n\n“Funds-transfer business day” of a receiving bank means the part of a day during which the receiving bank is open for the receipt, processing, and transmittal of payment orders and cancellations and amendments of payment orders.5\n\n“Funds-transfer system” means a wire transfer network, automated clearinghouse, or other communication system of a clearinghouse or other association of banks through which a payment order by a bank may be transmitted to the bank to which the order is addressed.6\n\n“Good faith” means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing.7\n\n“Prove” with respect to a fact means to meet the burden of establishing the fact as provided in § 8.1A-201(b)(8).b\n\nOther definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance”§ 8.4A-209.\n\t\t\t“Beneficiary”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Beneficiary’s bank”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Executed”§ 8.4A-301.\n\t\t\t“Execution date”§ 8.4A-301.\n\t\t\t“Funds transfer”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Funds-transfer system rule”§ 8.4A-501.\n\t\t\t“Intermediary bank”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Originator”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Originator’s bank”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Payment by beneficiary’s bank to beneficiary”§ 8.4A-405.\n\t\t\t“Payment by originator to beneficiary”§ 8.4A-406.\n\t\t\t“Payment by sender to receiving bank”§ 8.4A-403.\n\t\t\t“Payment date”§ 8.4A-401.\n\t\t\t“Payment order”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Receiving bank”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Security procedure”§ 8.4A-201.\n\t\t\t“Sender”§ 8.4A-103.c\n\nThe following definitions in Title 8.4 apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Clearinghouse”§ 8.4-104.\n\t\t\t“Item”§ 8.4-104.\n\t\t\t“Suspends payments”§ 8.4-104.d\n\nIn addition, Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":275609,"text":"In this title:","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"a1"},"1":{"id":275610,"text":"“Authorized account” means a deposit account of a customer in a bank designated by the customer as a source of payment orders issued by the customer to the bank. If a customer does so designate an account, any account of the customer is an authorized account if payment of a payment order from that account is not inconsistent with a restriction on the use of that account.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"a1","prefix_anchor":"a1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"a2"},"2":{"id":275611,"text":"“Bank” means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company. A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for purposes of this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"a2","prefix_anchor":"a2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a1","next_prefix":"a3"},"3":{"id":275612,"text":"“Customer” means a person, including a bank, having an account with a bank or from whom a bank has agreed to receive payment orders.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"a3","prefix_anchor":"a3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a2","next_prefix":"a4"},"4":{"id":275613,"text":"“Funds-transfer business day” of a receiving bank means the part of a day during which the receiving bank is open for the receipt, processing, and transmittal of payment orders and cancellations and amendments of payment orders.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"a4","prefix_anchor":"a4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a3","next_prefix":"a5"},"5":{"id":275614,"text":"“Funds-transfer system” means a wire transfer network, automated clearinghouse, or other communication system of a clearinghouse or other association of banks through which a payment order by a bank may be transmitted to the bank to which the order is addressed.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"a5","prefix_anchor":"a5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a4","next_prefix":"a6"},"6":{"id":275615,"text":"“Good faith” means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"a6","prefix_anchor":"a6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a5","next_prefix":"a7"},"7":{"id":275616,"text":"“Prove” with respect to a fact means to meet the burden of establishing the fact as provided in § 8.1A-201(b)(8).","type":"section","prefixes":["a","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"a7","prefix_anchor":"a7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a6","next_prefix":"b"},"8":{"id":275617,"text":"Other definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance”§ 8.4A-209.\n\t\t\t“Beneficiary”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Beneficiary’s bank”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Executed”§ 8.4A-301.\n\t\t\t“Execution date”§ 8.4A-301.\n\t\t\t“Funds transfer”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Funds-transfer system rule”§ 8.4A-501.\n\t\t\t“Intermediary bank”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Originator”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Originator’s bank”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Payment by beneficiary’s bank to beneficiary”§ 8.4A-405.\n\t\t\t“Payment by originator to beneficiary”§ 8.4A-406.\n\t\t\t“Payment by sender to receiving bank”§ 8.4A-403.\n\t\t\t“Payment date”§ 8.4A-401.\n\t\t\t“Payment order”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Receiving bank”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Security procedure”§ 8.4A-201.\n\t\t\t“Sender”§ 8.4A-103.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a7","next_prefix":"c"},"9":{"id":275618,"text":"The following definitions in Title 8.4 apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Clearinghouse”§ 8.4-104.\n\t\t\t“Item”§ 8.4-104.\n\t\t\t“Suspends payments”§ 8.4-104.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"d"},"10":{"id":275619,"text":"In addition, Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13363,"edition_id":1,"name":"Subject Matter and Definitions","identifier":"1","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13362,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":283189,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13363,"identifier":"1","token":"8.4A\/1","url":"\/8.4A\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13362,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Funds Transfers","identifier":"8.4A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":283187,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13362,"identifier":"8.4A","token":"8.4A","url":"\/8.4A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":72260,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-101","catch_line":"Short title","url":"\/8.4A-101\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-101","metadata":false},{"id":80477,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-102","catch_line":"Subject matter","url":"\/8.4A-102\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-102","metadata":false},{"id":82029,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-103","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Payment order\"; \"Beneficiary\"; \"Beneficiary's bank\"; \"Receiving bank\"; \"Sender.\"","url":"\/8.4A-103\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-103","metadata":false},{"id":68985,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-104","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Funds transfer\"; \"Intermediary bank\"; \"Originator\"; \"Originator's bank.\"","url":"\/8.4A-104\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-104","metadata":false},{"id":76749,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-105","catch_line":"Other definitions","url":"\/8.4A-105\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-105","metadata":false},{"id":59405,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-106","catch_line":"Time payment order is received","url":"\/8.4A-106\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-106","metadata":false},{"id":59247,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-107","catch_line":"Federal Reserve regulations and operating circulars","url":"\/8.4A-107\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-107","metadata":false},{"id":54340,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-108","catch_line":"Relationship to Electronic Fund Transfer Act","url":"\/8.4A-108\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-108","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":68985,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-104","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Funds transfer\"; \"Intermediary bank\"; \"Originator\"; \"Originator's bank.\"","url":"\/8.4A-104\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-104","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":59405,"structure_id":13363,"section_number":"8.4A-106","catch_line":"Time payment order is received","url":"\/8.4A-106\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-106","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.4A-105\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1990. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 9 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1990 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2003, chapter 353<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":78062,"section_number":"8.1A-201","catch_line":"General definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.1A-201\/"},{"id":73125,"section_number":"8.4-104","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4-104\/"},{"id":82029,"section_number":"8.4A-103","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Payment order\"; \"Beneficiary\"; \"Beneficiary's bank\"; \"Receiving bank\"; \"Sender.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-103\/"},{"id":68985,"section_number":"8.4A-104","catch_line":"Definitions: \"Funds transfer\"; \"Intermediary bank\"; \"Originator\"; \"Originator's bank.\"","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-104\/"},{"id":72906,"section_number":"8.4A-201","catch_line":"Security procedure","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-201\/"},{"id":78930,"section_number":"8.4A-209","catch_line":"Acceptance of payment order","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-209\/"},{"id":59952,"section_number":"8.4A-301","catch_line":"Execution and execution date","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-301\/"},{"id":63521,"section_number":"8.4A-401","catch_line":"Payment date","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-401\/"},{"id":80646,"section_number":"8.4A-403","catch_line":"Payment by sender to receiving bank","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-403\/"},{"id":77247,"section_number":"8.4A-405","catch_line":"Payment by beneficiary's bank to beneficiary","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-405\/"},{"id":60722,"section_number":"8.4A-406","catch_line":"Payment by originator to beneficiary; discharge of underlying obligation","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-406\/"},{"id":79909,"section_number":"8.4A-501","catch_line":"Variation by agreement and effect of funds-transfer system rule","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-501\/"}],"permalink":{"id":283207,"object_type":"law","relational_id":76749,"identifier":"8.4A-105","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-105","url":"\/8.4A-105\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.4A-105\/","token":"8.4A\/1\/8.4A-105","dublin_core":{"Title":"Other definitions","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.4A-105","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> In this title: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> “Authorized account<\/span>” means a deposit account of a customer<\/span> in a bank<\/span> designated by the customer<\/span> as a source of payment orders<\/span> issued by the customer<\/span> to the bank<\/span>. If a customer<\/span> does so designate an account, any account of the customer<\/span> is an authorized account<\/span> if payment of a payment order<\/span> from that account is not inconsistent with a restriction on the use of that account. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> “Bank<\/span>” means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings bank<\/span>, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company. A branch or separate office of a bank<\/span> is a separate bank<\/span> for purposes of this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> “Customer<\/span>” means a person, including a bank<\/span>, having an account with a bank<\/span> or from whom a bank<\/span> has agreed to receive payment orders<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> “Funds-transfer business day<\/span>” of a receiving bank<\/span> means the part of a day during which the receiving bank<\/span> is open for the receipt, processing, and transmittal of payment orders<\/span> and cancellations and amendments of payment orders<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> “Funds-transfer system<\/span>” means a wire transfer network, automated clearinghouse, or other communication system of a clearinghouse or other association of banks<\/span> through which a payment order<\/span> by a bank<\/span> may be transmitted to the bank<\/span> to which the order<\/span> is addressed. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> “Good faith<\/span>” means honesty in fact<\/span> and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> “Prove<\/span>” with respect to a fact<\/span> means to meet the burden of establishing the fact<\/span> as provided in § 8.1A-201<\/a>(b)(8). <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> Other definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they appear are:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance”§ 8.4A-209<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Beneficiary”§ 8.4A-103<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Beneficiary’s bank”§ 8.4A-103<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Executed”§ 8.4A-301<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Execution date”§ 8.4A-301<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Funds transfer<\/span>”§ 8.4A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Funds-transfer system<\/span> rule”§ 8.4A-501<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Intermediary bank<\/span>”§ 8.4A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Originator<\/span>”§ 8.4A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Originator<\/span>’s bank”§ 8.4A-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Payment by beneficiary’s bank to beneficiary”§ 8.4A-405<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Payment by originator<\/span> to beneficiary”§ 8.4A-406<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Payment by sender to receiving bank”§ 8.4A-403<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Payment date”§ 8.4A-401<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Payment order<\/span>”§ 8.4A-103<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Receiving bank”§ 8.4A-103<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Security procedure”§ 8.4A-201<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Sender”§ 8.4A-103<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> The following definitions in Title 8.4 apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Clearinghouse”§ 8.4-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Item”§ 8.4-104<\/a>.\n\t\t\t“Suspends payments”§ 8.4-104<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> In addition, Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nOTHER DEFINITIONS (\u00a7 8.4A-105)\n\na. In this title:\n\n 1. “Authorized account” means a deposit account of a customer in a\n bank designated by the customer as a source of payment orders issued by the\n customer to the bank. If a customer does so designate an account, any account\n of the customer is an authorized account if payment of a payment order from\n that account is not inconsistent with a restriction on the use of that\n account.\n\n 2. “Bank” means a person engaged in the business of banking and\n includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust\n company. A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for purposes\n of this title.\n\n 3. “Customer” means a person, including a bank, having an account\n with a bank or from whom a bank has agreed to receive payment orders.\n\n 4. “Funds-transfer business day” of a receiving bank means the\n part of a day during which the receiving bank is open for the receipt,\n processing, and transmittal of payment orders and cancellations and amendments\n of payment orders.\n\n 5. “Funds-transfer system” means a wire transfer network,\n automated clearinghouse, or other communication system of a clearinghouse or\n other association of banks through which a payment order by a bank may be\n transmitted to the bank to which the order is addressed.\n\n 6. “Good faith” means honesty in fact and the observance of\n reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing.\n\n 7. “Prove” with respect to a fact means to meet the burden of\n establishing the fact as provided in § 8.1A-201(b)(8).\n\nb. Other definitions applying to this title and the sections in which they\nappear are:\n\t\t\t“Acceptance”§ 8.4A-209.\n\t\t\t“Beneficiary”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Beneficiary’s bank”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Executed”§ 8.4A-301.\n\t\t\t“Execution date”§ 8.4A-301.\n\t\t\t“Funds transfer”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Funds-transfer system rule”§ 8.4A-501.\n\t\t\t“Intermediary bank”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Originator”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Originator’s bank”§ 8.4A-104.\n\t\t\t“Payment by beneficiary’s bank to beneficiary”§\n8.4A-405.\n\t\t\t“Payment by originator to beneficiary”§ 8.4A-406.\n\t\t\t“Payment by sender to receiving bank”§ 8.4A-403.\n\t\t\t“Payment date”§ 8.4A-401.\n\t\t\t“Payment order”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Receiving bank”§ 8.4A-103.\n\t\t\t“Security procedure”§ 8.4A-201.\n\t\t\t“Sender”§ 8.4A-103.\n\nc. The following definitions in Title 8.4 apply to this title:\n\t\t\t“Clearinghouse”§ 8.4-104.\n\t\t\t“Item”§ 8.4-104.\n\t\t\t“Suspends payments”§ 8.4-104.\n\nd. In addition, Title 8.1A contains general definitions and principles of\nconstruction and interpretation applicable throughout this title.\n\nHISTORY: 1990, c. 9; 2003, c. 353.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}