{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.4A-208.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.4A-208.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.4A-208.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.4A-208.html"}],"law_id":65335,"edition_id":1,"section_id":65335,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-208","catch_line":"Misdescription of intermediary bank or beneficiary’s bank","history":"1990, c. 9; 2024, c. 652.","full_text":"a\n\nThis subsection applies to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank or the beneficiary’s bank only by an identifying number.1\n\nThe receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank and need not determine whether the number identifies a bank.2\n\nThe sender is obliged to compensate the receiving bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of its reliance on the number in executing or attempting to execute the order.b\n\nThis subsection applies to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank or the beneficiary’s bank both by name and an identifying number if the name and number identify different persons.1\n\nIf the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank if the receiving bank, when it executes the sender’s order, does not know that the name and number identify different persons. The receiving bank need not determine whether the name and number refer to the same person or whether the number refers to a bank. The sender is obliged to compensate the receiving bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of its reliance on the number in executing or attempting to execute the order.2\n\nIf the sender is not a bank and the receiving bank proves that the sender, before the payment order was accepted, had notice that the receiving bank might rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank even if it identifies a person different from the bank identified by name, the rights and obligations of the sender and the receiving bank are governed by subdivision (b) (1) of this section, as though the sender were a bank. Proof of notice may be made by any admissible evidence. The receiving bank satisfies the burden of proof if it proves that the sender, before the payment order was accepted, signed a record stating the information to which the notice relates.3\n\nRegardless of whether the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on the name as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank if the receiving bank, at the time it executes the sender’s order, does not know that the name and number identify different persons. The receiving bank need not determine whether the name and number refer to the same person.4\n\nIf the receiving bank knows that the name and number identify different persons, reliance on either the name or the number in executing the sender’s payment order is a breach of the obligation stated in subdivision (a) (1) of § 8.4A-302.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":237581,"text":"This subsection applies to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank or the beneficiary’s bank only by an identifying number.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"a1"},"1":{"id":237582,"text":"The receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank and need not determine whether the number identifies a bank.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"a1","prefix_anchor":"a1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"a2"},"2":{"id":237583,"text":"The sender is obliged to compensate the receiving bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of its reliance on the number in executing or attempting to execute the order.","type":"section","prefixes":["a","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"a2","prefix_anchor":"a2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"a1","next_prefix":"b"},"3":{"id":237584,"text":"This subsection applies to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank or the beneficiary’s bank both by name and an identifying number if the name and number identify different persons.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a2","next_prefix":"b1"},"4":{"id":237585,"text":"If the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank if the receiving bank, when it executes the sender’s order, does not know that the name and number identify different persons. The receiving bank need not determine whether the name and number refer to the same person or whether the number refers to a bank. The sender is obliged to compensate the receiving bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of its reliance on the number in executing or attempting to execute the order.","type":"section","prefixes":["b","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"b1","prefix_anchor":"b1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"b2"},"5":{"id":237586,"text":"If the sender is not a bank and the receiving bank proves that the sender, before the payment order was accepted, had notice that the receiving bank might rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank even if it identifies a person different from the bank identified by name, the rights and obligations of the sender and the receiving bank are governed by subdivision (b) (1) of this section, as though the sender were a bank. Proof of notice may be made by any admissible evidence. The receiving bank satisfies the burden of proof if it proves that the sender, before the payment order was accepted, signed a record stating the information to which the notice relates.","type":"section","prefixes":["b","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"b2","prefix_anchor":"b2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b1","next_prefix":"b3"},"6":{"id":237587,"text":"Regardless of whether the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on the name as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank if the receiving bank, at the time it executes the sender’s order, does not know that the name and number identify different persons. The receiving bank need not determine whether the name and number refer to the same person.","type":"section","prefixes":["b","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"b3","prefix_anchor":"b3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b2","next_prefix":"b4"},"7":{"id":237588,"text":"If the receiving bank knows that the name and number identify different persons, reliance on either the name or the number in executing the sender’s payment order is a breach of the obligation stated in subdivision (a) (1) of § 8.4A-302.","type":"section","prefixes":["b","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"b4","prefix_anchor":"b4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b3"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14106,"edition_id":1,"name":"Issue and Acceptance of Payment Order","identifier":"2","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13362,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:53","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:53","permalink":{"id":283223,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14106,"identifier":"2","token":"8.4A\/2","url":"\/8.4A\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13362,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Funds Transfers","identifier":"8.4A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:42","permalink":{"id":283187,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13362,"identifier":"8.4A","token":"8.4A","url":"\/8.4A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":72906,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-201","catch_line":"Security procedure","url":"\/8.4A-201\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-201","metadata":false},{"id":81942,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-202","catch_line":"Authorized and verified payment orders","url":"\/8.4A-202\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-202","metadata":false},{"id":68248,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-203","catch_line":"Unenforceability of certain verified payment orders","url":"\/8.4A-203\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-203","metadata":false},{"id":78010,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-204","catch_line":"Refund of payment and duty of customer to report with respect to unauthorized payment order","url":"\/8.4A-204\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-204","metadata":false},{"id":77755,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-205","catch_line":"Erroneous payment orders","url":"\/8.4A-205\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-205","metadata":false},{"id":64984,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-206","catch_line":"Transmission of payment order through funds-transfer or other communication system","url":"\/8.4A-206\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-206","metadata":false},{"id":59923,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-207","catch_line":"Misdescription of beneficiary","url":"\/8.4A-207\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-207","metadata":false},{"id":65335,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-208","catch_line":"Misdescription of intermediary bank or beneficiary's bank","url":"\/8.4A-208\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-208","metadata":false},{"id":78930,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-209","catch_line":"Acceptance of payment order","url":"\/8.4A-209\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-209","metadata":false},{"id":55237,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-210","catch_line":"Rejection of payment order","url":"\/8.4A-210\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-210","metadata":false},{"id":85898,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-211","catch_line":"Cancellation and amendment of payment order","url":"\/8.4A-211\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-211","metadata":false},{"id":69041,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-212","catch_line":"Liability and duty of receiving bank regarding unaccepted payment order","url":"\/8.4A-212\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-212","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":59923,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-207","catch_line":"Misdescription of beneficiary","url":"\/8.4A-207\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-207","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":78930,"structure_id":14106,"section_number":"8.4A-209","catch_line":"Acceptance of payment order","url":"\/8.4A-209\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-209","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.4A-208\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1990. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 9 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1990 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2024, chapter 652<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":[{"id":62619,"section_number":"8.4A-302","catch_line":"Obligations of receiving bank in execution of payment order","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.4A-302\/"}],"permalink":{"id":283253,"object_type":"law","relational_id":65335,"identifier":"8.4A-208","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-208","url":"\/8.4A-208\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.4A-208\/","token":"8.4A\/2\/8.4A-208","dublin_core":{"Title":"Misdescription of intermediary bank or beneficiary’s bank","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.4A-208","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> This subsection applies to a payment order<\/span> identifying an intermediary bank<\/span> or the beneficiary’s bank only by an identifying number. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> The receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank and need not determine whether the number identifies a bank. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> The sender is obliged to compensate the receiving bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of its reliance on the number in executing or attempting to execute the order<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> This subsection applies to a payment order<\/span> identifying an intermediary bank<\/span> or the beneficiary’s bank both by name and an identifying number if the name and number identify different persons. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> If the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank if the receiving bank, when it executes the sender’s order<\/span>, does not know that the name and number identify different persons. The receiving bank need not determine whether the name and number refer to the same person or whether the number refers to a bank. The sender is obliged to compensate the receiving bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of its reliance on the number in executing or attempting to execute the order<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> If the sender is not a bank and the receiving bank proves that the sender, before the payment order<\/span> was accepted, had notice that the receiving bank might rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank even if it identifies a person different from the bank identified by name, the rights and obligations of the sender and the receiving bank are governed by subdivision (b) (1) of this section, as though the sender were a bank. Proof of notice may be made by any admissible<\/span> evidence<\/span>. The receiving bank satisfies the burden of proof<\/span> if it proves that the sender, before the payment order<\/span> was accepted, signed a record stating the information to which the notice relates. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> Regardless of whether the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on the name as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank if the receiving bank, at the time it executes the sender’s order<\/span>, does not know that the name and number identify different persons. The receiving bank need not determine whether the name and number refer to the same person. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> If the receiving bank knows that the name and number identify different persons, reliance on either the name or the number in executing the sender’s payment order<\/span> is a breach of the obligation stated in subdivision (a) (1) of § 8.4A-302<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nMISDESCRIPTION OF INTERMEDIARY BANK OR BENEFICIARY’S BANK (\u00a7 8.4A-208)\n\na. This subsection applies to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank\nor the beneficiary’s bank only by an identifying number.\n\n 1. The receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of\n the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank and need not determine whether\n the number identifies a bank.\n\n 2. The sender is obliged to compensate the receiving bank for any loss and\n expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of its reliance on the\n number in executing or attempting to execute the order.\n\nb. This subsection applies to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank\nor the beneficiary’s bank both by name and an identifying number if the\nname and number identify different persons.\n\n 1. If the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on the number as the\n proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary’s bank if the\n receiving bank, when it executes the sender’s order, does not know that\n the name and number identify different persons. The receiving bank need not\n determine whether the name and number refer to the same person or whether the\n number refers to a bank. The sender is obliged to compensate the receiving\n bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as a result of\n its reliance on the number in executing or attempting to execute the order.\n\n 2. If the sender is not a bank and the receiving bank proves that the sender,\n before the payment order was accepted, had notice that the receiving bank\n might rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or\n beneficiary’s bank even if it identifies a person different from the\n bank identified by name, the rights and obligations of the sender and the\n receiving bank are governed by subdivision (b) (1) of this section, as though\n the sender were a bank. Proof of notice may be made by any admissible\n evidence. The receiving bank satisfies the burden of proof if it proves that\n the sender, before the payment order was accepted, signed a record stating the\n information to which the notice relates.\n\n 3. Regardless of whether the sender is a bank, the receiving bank may rely on\n the name as the proper identification of the intermediary or\n beneficiary’s bank if the receiving bank, at the time it executes the\n sender’s order, does not know that the name and number identify\n different persons. The receiving bank need not determine whether the name and\n number refer to the same person.\n\n 4. If the receiving bank knows that the name and number identify different\n persons, reliance on either the name or the number in executing the\n sender’s payment order is a breach of the obligation stated in\n subdivision (a) (1) of § 8.4A-302.\n\nHISTORY: 1990, c. 9; 2024, c. 652.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}