{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.9A-310.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.9A-310.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.9A-310.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.9A-310.html"}],"law_id":57600,"edition_id":1,"section_id":57600,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-310","catch_line":"When filing required to perfect security interest or agricultural lien; security interests and agricultural liens to which filing provisions do not apply","history":"1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.9-302; 1966, c. 569; 1973, c. 509; 1983, cc. 204, 367; 1984, c. 613; 1996, c. 216; 2000, c. 1007; 2004, c. 200; 2024, c. 652.","full_text":"a\n\nGeneral rule; perfection by filing. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and § 8.9A-312 (b), a financing statement must be filed to perfect all security interests and agricultural liens.b\n\nExceptions; filing not necessary. The filing of a financing statement is not necessary to perfect a security interest:1\n\nthat is perfected under § 8.9A-308 (d), (e), (f), or (g);2\n\nthat is perfected under § 8.9A-309 when it attaches;3\n\nin property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in § 8.9A-311 (a);4\n\nin goods in possession of a bailee that is perfected under § 8.9A-312 (d) (1) or (2);5\n\nin certificated securities, documents, goods, or instruments that is perfected without filing, control, or possession under § 8.9A-312 (e), (f), or (g);6\n\nin collateral in the secured party’s possession under § 8.9A-313;7\n\nin a certificated security which is perfected by delivery of the security certificate to the secured party under § 8.9A-313;8\n\nin controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, electronic documents, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights which is perfected by control under § 8.9A-314;\n\t\t\t\t(8.1) in chattel paper which is perfected by possession and control under § 8.9A-314.1.9\n\nin proceeds which is perfected under § 8.9A-315; or10\n\nthat is perfected under § 8.9A-316.c\n\nAssignment of perfected security interest. If a secured party assigns a perfected security interest or agricultural lien, a filing under this title is not required to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors of and transferees from the original debtor.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":211056,"text":"General rule; perfection by filing. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and § 8.9A-312 (b), a financing statement must be filed to perfect all security interests and agricultural liens.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":211057,"text":"Exceptions; filing not necessary. The filing of a financing statement is not necessary to perfect a security interest:","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"b1"},"2":{"id":211058,"text":"that is perfected under § 8.9A-308 (d), (e), (f), or (g);","type":"section","prefixes":["b","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"b1","prefix_anchor":"b1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"b2"},"3":{"id":211059,"text":"that is perfected under § 8.9A-309 when it attaches;","type":"section","prefixes":["b","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"b2","prefix_anchor":"b2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b1","next_prefix":"b3"},"4":{"id":211060,"text":"in property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in § 8.9A-311 (a);","type":"section","prefixes":["b","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"b3","prefix_anchor":"b3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b2","next_prefix":"b4"},"5":{"id":211061,"text":"in goods in possession of a bailee that is perfected under § 8.9A-312 (d) (1) or (2);","type":"section","prefixes":["b","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"b4","prefix_anchor":"b4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b3","next_prefix":"b5"},"6":{"id":211062,"text":"in certificated securities, documents, goods, or instruments that is perfected without filing, control, or possession under § 8.9A-312 (e), (f), or (g);","type":"section","prefixes":["b","5"],"prefix":"5","entire_prefix":"b5","prefix_anchor":"b5","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b4","next_prefix":"b6"},"7":{"id":211063,"text":"in collateral in the secured party’s possession under § 8.9A-313;","type":"section","prefixes":["b","6"],"prefix":"6","entire_prefix":"b6","prefix_anchor":"b6","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b5","next_prefix":"b7"},"8":{"id":211064,"text":"in a certificated security which is perfected by delivery of the security certificate to the secured party under § 8.9A-313;","type":"section","prefixes":["b","7"],"prefix":"7","entire_prefix":"b7","prefix_anchor":"b7","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b6","next_prefix":"b8"},"9":{"id":211065,"text":"in controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, electronic documents, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights which is perfected by control under § 8.9A-314;\n\t\t\t\t(8.1) in chattel paper which is perfected by possession and control under § 8.9A-314.1.","type":"section","prefixes":["b","8"],"prefix":"8","entire_prefix":"b8","prefix_anchor":"b8","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b7","next_prefix":"b9"},"10":{"id":211066,"text":"in proceeds which is perfected under § 8.9A-315; or","type":"section","prefixes":["b","9"],"prefix":"9","entire_prefix":"b9","prefix_anchor":"b9","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b8","next_prefix":"b10"},"11":{"id":211067,"text":"that is perfected under § 8.9A-316.","type":"section","prefixes":["b","10"],"prefix":"10","entire_prefix":"b10","prefix_anchor":"b10","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b9","next_prefix":"c"},"12":{"id":211068,"text":"Assignment of perfected security interest. If a secured party assigns a perfected security interest or agricultural lien, a filing under this title is not required to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors of and transferees from the original debtor.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b10"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15119,"edition_id":1,"name":"Perfection","identifier":"2","label":"subpart","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13858,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:52:16","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:52:16","permalink":{"id":283983,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15119,"identifier":"2","token":"8.9A\/3\/2","url":"\/8.9A\/3\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13858,"edition_id":1,"name":"Perfection and Priority","identifier":"3","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13277,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:06","permalink":{"id":283943,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13858,"identifier":"3","token":"8.9A\/3","url":"\/8.9A\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13277,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Secured Transactions","identifier":"8.9A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","permalink":{"id":283833,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13277,"identifier":"8.9A","token":"8.9A","url":"\/8.9A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84738,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-308","catch_line":"When security interest or agricultural lien is perfected; continuity of perfection","url":"\/8.9A-308\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-308","metadata":false},{"id":71502,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-309","catch_line":"Security interest perfected upon attachment","url":"\/8.9A-309\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-309","metadata":false},{"id":57600,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-310","catch_line":"When filing required to perfect security interest or agricultural lien; security interests and agricultural liens to which filing provisions do not apply","url":"\/8.9A-310\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-310","metadata":false},{"id":59215,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-311","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties","url":"\/8.9A-311\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-311","metadata":false},{"id":64453,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-312","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, documents, goods covered by documents, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, and money; perfection by permissive filing, temporary perfection without filing or transfer of possession","url":"\/8.9A-312\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-312","metadata":false},{"id":59813,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-313","catch_line":"When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest without filing","url":"\/8.9A-313\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-313","metadata":false},{"id":85234,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-314","catch_line":"Perfection by control","url":"\/8.9A-314\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-314","metadata":false},{"id":74925,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-314.1","catch_line":"Perfection by possession and control of chattel paper","url":"\/8.9A-314.1\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-314.1","metadata":false},{"id":76348,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-315","catch_line":"Secured party's rights on disposition of collateral and in proceeds","url":"\/8.9A-315\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-315","metadata":false},{"id":82133,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-316","catch_line":"Effect of change in governing law","url":"\/8.9A-316\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-316","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":71502,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-309","catch_line":"Security interest perfected upon attachment","url":"\/8.9A-309\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-309","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":59215,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-311","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties","url":"\/8.9A-311\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-311","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.9A-310\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 8 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1966, chapter 569; in 1973, chapter 509; in 1983, chapters 204 and 367; in 1984, chapter 613; in 1996, chapter 216<\/a>; in 2000, chapter 1007<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 200<\/a>; in 2024, chapter 652<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":58431,"section_number":"8.9A-102","catch_line":"Definitions and index of definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-102\/"},{"id":84738,"section_number":"8.9A-308","catch_line":"When security interest or agricultural lien is perfected; continuity of perfection","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-308\/"},{"id":59215,"section_number":"8.9A-311","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-311\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":84738,"section_number":"8.9A-308","catch_line":"When security interest or agricultural lien is perfected; continuity of perfection","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-308\/"},{"id":71502,"section_number":"8.9A-309","catch_line":"Security interest perfected upon attachment","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-309\/"},{"id":59215,"section_number":"8.9A-311","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-311\/"},{"id":64453,"section_number":"8.9A-312","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, documents, goods covered by documents, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, and money; perfection by permissive filing, temporary perfection without filing or transfer of possession","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-312\/"},{"id":59813,"section_number":"8.9A-313","catch_line":"When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest without filing","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-313\/"},{"id":85234,"section_number":"8.9A-314","catch_line":"Perfection by control","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-314\/"},{"id":76348,"section_number":"8.9A-315","catch_line":"Secured party's rights on disposition of collateral and in proceeds","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-315\/"}],"permalink":{"id":283993,"object_type":"law","relational_id":57600,"identifier":"8.9A-310","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-310","url":"\/8.9A-310\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.9A-310\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-310","dublin_core":{"Title":"When filing required to perfect security interest or agricultural lien; security interests and agricultural liens to which filing provisions do not apply","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.9A-310","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> General rule; perfection by filing. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and § 8.9A-312<\/a> (b), a financing statement must be filed to perfect all security interests and agricultural liens<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> Exceptions; filing not necessary. The filing of a financing statement is not necessary to perfect a security interest: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> that is perfected under § 8.9A-308<\/a> (d), (e), (f), or (g); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> that is perfected under § 8.9A-309<\/a> when it attaches; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> in property subject to a statute<\/span>, regulation, or treaty described in § 8.9A-311<\/a> (a); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> in goods in possession<\/span> of a bailee that is perfected under § 8.9A-312<\/a> (d) (1) or (2); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

5.<\/span> in certificated securities, documents, goods, or instruments that is perfected without filing, control, or possession<\/span> under § 8.9A-312<\/a> (e), (f), or (g); <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

6.<\/span> in collateral<\/span> in the secured party<\/span>’s possession<\/span> under § 8.9A-313<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

7.<\/span> in a certificated security which is perfected by delivery of the security certificate to the secured party<\/span> under § 8.9A-313<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

8.<\/span> in controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, electronic documents, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights which is perfected by control under § 8.9A-314<\/a>;\n\t\t\t\t(8.1) in chattel paper which is perfected by possession<\/span> and control under § 8.9A-314.1<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

9.<\/span> in proceeds which is perfected under § 8.9A-315<\/a>; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

10.<\/span> that is perfected under § 8.9A-316<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> Assignment of perfected security interest. If a secured party<\/span> assigns a perfected security interest or agricultural lien<\/span>, a filing under this title is not required to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors<\/span> of and transferees from the original debtor. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nWHEN FILING REQUIRED TO PERFECT SECURITY INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN; SECURITY\nINTERESTS AND AGRICULTURAL LIENS TO WHICH FILING PROVISIONS DO NOT APPLY (\u00a7\n8.9A-310)\n\na. General rule; perfection by filing. Except as otherwise provided in\nsubsection (b) and § 8.9A-312 (b), a financing statement must be filed to\nperfect all security interests and agricultural liens.\n\nb. Exceptions; filing not necessary. The filing of a financing statement is not\nnecessary to perfect a security interest:\n\n 1. that is perfected under § 8.9A-308 (d), (e), (f), or (g);\n\n 2. that is perfected under § 8.9A-309 when it attaches;\n\n 3. in property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in §\n 8.9A-311 (a);\n\n 4. in goods in possession of a bailee that is perfected under § 8.9A-312\n (d) (1) or (2);\n\n 5. in certificated securities, documents, goods, or instruments that is\n perfected without filing, control, or possession under § 8.9A-312 (e),\n (f), or (g);\n\n 6. in collateral in the secured party’s possession under §\n 8.9A-313;\n\n 7. in a certificated security which is perfected by delivery of the security\n certificate to the secured party under § 8.9A-313;\n\n 8. in controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable\n payment intangibles, deposit accounts, electronic documents, investment\n property, or letter-of-credit rights which is perfected by control under\n § 8.9A-314;\n \t\t\t\t(8.1) in chattel paper which is perfected by possession and control under\n § 8.9A-314.1.\n\n 9. in proceeds which is perfected under § 8.9A-315; or\n\n 10. that is perfected under § 8.9A-316.\n\nc. Assignment of perfected security interest. If a secured party assigns a\nperfected security interest or agricultural lien, a filing under this title is\nnot required to continue the perfected status of the security interest against\ncreditors of and transferees from the original debtor.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.9-302; 1966, c. 569; 1973, c. 509; 1983, cc. 204,\n367; 1984, c. 613; 1996, c. 216; 2000, c. 1007; 2004, c. 200; 2024, c. 652.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}