{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.9A-312.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.9A-312.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.9A-312.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.9A-312.html"}],"law_id":64453,"edition_id":1,"section_id":64453,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-312","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, documents, goods covered by documents, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, and money; perfection by permissive filing, temporary perfection without filing or transfer of possession","history":"1973, c. 509, \u00a7 8.9-304; 1984, c. 613; 1996, c. 216, \u00a7 8.9-115; 1997, c. 343; 2000, c. 1007; 2004, c. 200; 2024, c. 652.","full_text":"a\n\nPerfection by filing permitted. A security interest in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, instruments, investment property, or negotiable documents may be perfected by filing.b\n\nControl or possession of certain collateral. Except as otherwise provided in \u00a7 8.9A-315 (c) and (d) for proceeds:1\n\na security interest in a deposit account may be perfected only by control under § 8.9A-314;2\n\nexcept as otherwise provided in § 8.9A-308 (d), a security interest in a letter-of-credit right may be perfected only by control under § 8.9A-314;3\n\na security interest in tangible money may be perfected only by the secured party’s taking possession under § 8.9A-313; and4\n\na security interest in electronic money may be perfected only by control under § 8.9A-314.c\n\nGoods covered by negotiable document. While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a negotiable document covering the goods:1\n\na security interest in the goods may be perfected by perfecting a security interest in the document; and2\n\na security interest perfected in the document has priority over any security interest that becomes perfected in the goods by another method during that time.d\n\nGoods covered by nonnegotiable document. While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a nonnegotiable document covering the goods, a security interest in the goods may be perfected by:1\n\nissuance of a document in the name of the secured party;2\n\nthe bailee’s receipt of notification of the secured party’s interest; or3\n\nfiling as to the goods.e\n\nTemporary perfection; new value. A security interest in certificated securities, negotiable documents, or instruments is perfected without filing or the taking of possession or control for a period of 20 days from the time it attaches to the extent that it arises for new value given under a signed security agreement.f\n\nTemporary perfection; goods or documents made available to debtor. A perfected security interest in a negotiable document or goods in possession of a bailee, other than one that has issued a negotiable document for the goods, remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party makes available to the debtor the goods or documents representing the goods for the purpose of:1\n\nultimate sale or exchange; or2\n\nloading, unloading, storing, shipping, transshipping, manufacturing, processing, or otherwise dealing with them in a manner preliminary to their sale or exchange.g\n\nTemporary perfection; delivery of security certificate or instrument to debtor. A perfected security interest in a certificated security or instrument remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party delivers the security certificate or instrument to the debtor for the purpose of:1\n\nultimate sale or exchange; or2\n\npresentation, collection, enforcement, renewal, or registration of transfer.h\n\nExpiration of temporary perfection. After the 20-day period specified in subsection (e), (f), or (g) expires, perfection depends upon compliance with this title.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":234539,"text":"Perfection by filing permitted. A security interest in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, instruments, investment property, or negotiable documents may be perfected by filing.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":234540,"text":"Control or possession of certain collateral. Except as otherwise provided in \u00a7 8.9A-315 (c) and (d) for proceeds:","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"b1"},"2":{"id":234541,"text":"a security interest in a deposit account may be perfected only by control under § 8.9A-314;","type":"section","prefixes":["b","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"b1","prefix_anchor":"b1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"b2"},"3":{"id":234542,"text":"except as otherwise provided in § 8.9A-308 (d), a security interest in a letter-of-credit right may be perfected only by control under § 8.9A-314;","type":"section","prefixes":["b","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"b2","prefix_anchor":"b2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b1","next_prefix":"b3"},"4":{"id":234543,"text":"a security interest in tangible money may be perfected only by the secured party’s taking possession under § 8.9A-313; and","type":"section","prefixes":["b","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"b3","prefix_anchor":"b3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b2","next_prefix":"b4"},"5":{"id":234544,"text":"a security interest in electronic money may be perfected only by control under § 8.9A-314.","type":"section","prefixes":["b","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"b4","prefix_anchor":"b4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b3","next_prefix":"c"},"6":{"id":234545,"text":"Goods covered by negotiable document. While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a negotiable document covering the goods:","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b4","next_prefix":"c1"},"7":{"id":234546,"text":"a security interest in the goods may be perfected by perfecting a security interest in the document; and","type":"section","prefixes":["c","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"c1","prefix_anchor":"c1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"c","next_prefix":"c2"},"8":{"id":234547,"text":"a security interest perfected in the document has priority over any security interest that becomes perfected in the goods by another method during that time.","type":"section","prefixes":["c","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"c2","prefix_anchor":"c2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"c1","next_prefix":"d"},"9":{"id":234548,"text":"Goods covered by nonnegotiable document. While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a nonnegotiable document covering the goods, a security interest in the goods may be perfected by:","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c2","next_prefix":"d1"},"10":{"id":234549,"text":"issuance of a document in the name of the secured party;","type":"section","prefixes":["d","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"d1","prefix_anchor":"d1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"d","next_prefix":"d2"},"11":{"id":234550,"text":"the bailee’s receipt of notification of the secured party’s interest; or","type":"section","prefixes":["d","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"d2","prefix_anchor":"d2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"d1","next_prefix":"d3"},"12":{"id":234551,"text":"filing as to the goods.","type":"section","prefixes":["d","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"d3","prefix_anchor":"d3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"d2","next_prefix":"e"},"13":{"id":234552,"text":"Temporary perfection; new value. A security interest in certificated securities, negotiable documents, or instruments is perfected without filing or the taking of possession or control for a period of 20 days from the time it attaches to the extent that it arises for new value given under a signed security agreement.","type":"section","prefixes":["e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"e","prefix_anchor":"e","level":1,"prior_prefix":"d3","next_prefix":"f"},"14":{"id":234553,"text":"Temporary perfection; goods or documents made available to debtor. A perfected security interest in a negotiable document or goods in possession of a bailee, other than one that has issued a negotiable document for the goods, remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party makes available to the debtor the goods or documents representing the goods for the purpose of:","type":"section","prefixes":["f"],"prefix":"f","entire_prefix":"f","prefix_anchor":"f","level":1,"prior_prefix":"e","next_prefix":"f1"},"15":{"id":234554,"text":"ultimate sale or exchange; or","type":"section","prefixes":["f","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"f1","prefix_anchor":"f1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"f","next_prefix":"f2"},"16":{"id":234555,"text":"loading, unloading, storing, shipping, transshipping, manufacturing, processing, or otherwise dealing with them in a manner preliminary to their sale or exchange.","type":"section","prefixes":["f","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"f2","prefix_anchor":"f2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"f1","next_prefix":"g"},"17":{"id":234556,"text":"Temporary perfection; delivery of security certificate or instrument to debtor. A perfected security interest in a certificated security or instrument remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party delivers the security certificate or instrument to the debtor for the purpose of:","type":"section","prefixes":["g"],"prefix":"g","entire_prefix":"g","prefix_anchor":"g","level":1,"prior_prefix":"f2","next_prefix":"g1"},"18":{"id":234557,"text":"ultimate sale or exchange; or","type":"section","prefixes":["g","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"g1","prefix_anchor":"g1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"g","next_prefix":"g2"},"19":{"id":234558,"text":"presentation, collection, enforcement, renewal, or registration of transfer.","type":"section","prefixes":["g","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"g2","prefix_anchor":"g2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"g1","next_prefix":"h"},"20":{"id":234559,"text":"Expiration of temporary perfection. After the 20-day period specified in subsection (e), (f), or (g) expires, perfection depends upon compliance with this title.","type":"section","prefixes":["h"],"prefix":"h","entire_prefix":"h","prefix_anchor":"h","level":1,"prior_prefix":"g2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15119,"edition_id":1,"name":"Perfection","identifier":"2","label":"subpart","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13858,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:52:16","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:52:16","permalink":{"id":283983,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15119,"identifier":"2","token":"8.9A\/3\/2","url":"\/8.9A\/3\/2\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13858,"edition_id":1,"name":"Perfection and Priority","identifier":"3","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13277,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:06","permalink":{"id":283943,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13858,"identifier":"3","token":"8.9A\/3","url":"\/8.9A\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13277,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Secured Transactions","identifier":"8.9A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","permalink":{"id":283833,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13277,"identifier":"8.9A","token":"8.9A","url":"\/8.9A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":84738,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-308","catch_line":"When security interest or agricultural lien is perfected; continuity of perfection","url":"\/8.9A-308\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-308","metadata":false},{"id":71502,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-309","catch_line":"Security interest perfected upon attachment","url":"\/8.9A-309\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-309","metadata":false},{"id":57600,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-310","catch_line":"When filing required to perfect security interest or agricultural lien; security interests and agricultural liens to which filing provisions do not apply","url":"\/8.9A-310\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-310","metadata":false},{"id":59215,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-311","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties","url":"\/8.9A-311\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-311","metadata":false},{"id":64453,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-312","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, documents, goods covered by documents, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, and money; perfection by permissive filing, temporary perfection without filing or transfer of possession","url":"\/8.9A-312\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-312","metadata":false},{"id":59813,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-313","catch_line":"When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest without filing","url":"\/8.9A-313\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-313","metadata":false},{"id":85234,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-314","catch_line":"Perfection by control","url":"\/8.9A-314\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-314","metadata":false},{"id":74925,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-314.1","catch_line":"Perfection by possession and control of chattel paper","url":"\/8.9A-314.1\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-314.1","metadata":false},{"id":76348,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-315","catch_line":"Secured party's rights on disposition of collateral and in proceeds","url":"\/8.9A-315\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-315","metadata":false},{"id":82133,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-316","catch_line":"Effect of change in governing law","url":"\/8.9A-316\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-316","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":59215,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-311","catch_line":"Perfection of security interests in property subject to certain statutes, regulations, and treaties","url":"\/8.9A-311\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-311","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":59813,"structure_id":15119,"section_number":"8.9A-313","catch_line":"When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest without filing","url":"\/8.9A-313\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-313","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.9A-312\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1973. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 509 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1973 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 6 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1984, chapter 613; in 1996, chapter 216<\/a>; in 1997, chapter 343<\/a>; in 2000, chapter 1007<\/a>; in 2004, chapter 200<\/a>; in 2024, chapter 652<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":57600,"section_number":"8.9A-310","catch_line":"When filing required to perfect security interest or agricultural lien; security interests and agricultural liens to which filing provisions do not apply","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-310\/"},{"id":65781,"section_number":"8.9A-323","catch_line":"Future advances","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-323\/"},{"id":72557,"section_number":"8.9A-324","catch_line":"Priority of purchase-money security interests","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-324\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":84738,"section_number":"8.9A-308","catch_line":"When security interest or agricultural lien is perfected; continuity of perfection","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-308\/"},{"id":59813,"section_number":"8.9A-313","catch_line":"When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest without filing","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-313\/"},{"id":85234,"section_number":"8.9A-314","catch_line":"Perfection by control","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-314\/"},{"id":76348,"section_number":"8.9A-315","catch_line":"Secured party's rights on disposition of collateral and in proceeds","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-315\/"}],"permalink":{"id":284001,"object_type":"law","relational_id":64453,"identifier":"8.9A-312","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-312","url":"\/8.9A-312\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.9A-312\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/2\/8.9A-312","dublin_core":{"Title":"Perfection of security interests in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, documents, goods covered by documents, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, and money; perfection by permissive filing, temporary perfection without filing or transfer of possession","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.9A-312","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> Perfection by filing permitted. A security interest in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, instruments, investment property, or negotiable documents may be perfected by filing. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> Control or possession<\/span> of certain collateral<\/span>. Except as otherwise provided in \u00a7 8.9A-315<\/a> (c) and (d) for proceeds: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> a security interest in a deposit account may be perfected only by control under § 8.9A-314<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> except as otherwise provided in § 8.9A-308<\/a> (d), a security interest in a letter-of-credit right may be perfected only by control under § 8.9A-314<\/a>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> a security interest in tangible money may be perfected only by the secured party<\/span>’s taking possession<\/span> under § 8.9A-313<\/a>; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> a security interest in electronic money may be perfected only by control under § 8.9A-314<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> Goods covered by negotiable document. While goods are in the possession<\/span> of a bailee that has issued a negotiable document covering the goods: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> a security interest in the goods may be perfected by perfecting a security interest in the document; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> a security interest perfected in the document has priority over any security interest that becomes perfected in the goods by another method during that time. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> Goods covered by nonnegotiable document. While goods are in the possession<\/span> of a bailee that has issued a nonnegotiable document covering the goods, a security interest in the goods may be perfected by: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> issuance of a document in the name of the secured party<\/span>; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> the bailee’s receipt of notification of the secured party<\/span>’s interest; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> filing as to the goods. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

e.<\/span> Temporary perfection; new value. A security interest in certificated securities, negotiable documents, or instruments is perfected without filing or the taking of possession<\/span> or control for a period of 20 days from the time it attaches to the extent that it arises for new value given under a signed security agreement. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

f.<\/span> Temporary perfection; goods or documents made available to debtor. A perfected security interest in a negotiable document or goods in possession<\/span> of a bailee, other than one that has issued a negotiable document for the goods, remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party<\/span> makes available to the debtor the goods or documents representing the goods for the purpose of: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> ultimate sale or exchange; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> loading, unloading, storing, shipping, transshipping, manufacturing, processing, or otherwise dealing with them in a manner preliminary to their sale or exchange. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

g.<\/span> Temporary perfection; delivery of security certificate or instrument to debtor. A perfected security interest in a certificated security or instrument remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party<\/span> delivers the security certificate or instrument to the debtor for the purpose of: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> ultimate sale or exchange; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> presentation, collection, enforcement, renewal, or registration of transfer. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

h.<\/span> Expiration of temporary perfection. After the 20-day period specified in subsection (e), (f), or (g) expires, perfection depends upon compliance with this title. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nPERFECTION OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN CHATTEL PAPER, CONTROLLABLE ACCOUNTS,\nCONTROLLABLE ELECTRONIC RECORDS, CONTROLLABLE PAYMENT INTANGIBLES, DEPOSIT\nACCOUNTS, DOCUMENTS, GOODS COVERED BY DOCUMENTS, INSTRUMENTS, INVESTMENT\nPROPERTY, LETTER-OF-CREDIT RIGHTS, AND MONEY; PERFECTION BY PERMISSIVE FILING,\nTEMPORARY PERFECTION WITHOUT FILING OR TRANSFER OF POSSESSION (\u00a7 8.9A-312)\n\na. Perfection by filing permitted. A security interest in chattel paper,\ncontrollable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment\nintangibles, instruments, investment property, or negotiable documents may be\nperfected by filing.\n\nb. Control or possession of certain collateral. Except as otherwise provided in\n\u00a7 8.9A-315 (c) and (d) for proceeds:\n\n 1. a security interest in a deposit account may be perfected only by control\n under § 8.9A-314;\n\n 2. except as otherwise provided in § 8.9A-308 (d), a security interest in\n a letter-of-credit right may be perfected only by control under §\n 8.9A-314;\n\n 3. a security interest in tangible money may be perfected only by the secured\n party’s taking possession under § 8.9A-313; and\n\n 4. a security interest in electronic money may be perfected only by control\n under § 8.9A-314.\n\nc. Goods covered by negotiable document. While goods are in the possession of a\nbailee that has issued a negotiable document covering the goods:\n\n 1. a security interest in the goods may be perfected by perfecting a security\n interest in the document; and\n\n 2. a security interest perfected in the document has priority over any\n security interest that becomes perfected in the goods by another method during\n that time.\n\nd. Goods covered by nonnegotiable document. While goods are in the possession of\na bailee that has issued a nonnegotiable document covering the goods, a security\ninterest in the goods may be perfected by:\n\n 1. issuance of a document in the name of the secured party;\n\n 2. the bailee’s receipt of notification of the secured party’s\n interest; or\n\n 3. filing as to the goods.\n\ne. Temporary perfection; new value. A security interest in certificated\nsecurities, negotiable documents, or instruments is perfected without filing or\nthe taking of possession or control for a period of 20 days from the time it\nattaches to the extent that it arises for new value given under a signed\nsecurity agreement.\n\nf. Temporary perfection; goods or documents made available to debtor. A\nperfected security interest in a negotiable document or goods in possession of a\nbailee, other than one that has issued a negotiable document for the goods,\nremains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party makes\navailable to the debtor the goods or documents representing the goods for the\npurpose of:\n\n 1. ultimate sale or exchange; or\n\n 2. loading, unloading, storing, shipping, transshipping, manufacturing,\n processing, or otherwise dealing with them in a manner preliminary to their\n sale or exchange.\n\ng. Temporary perfection; delivery of security certificate or instrument to\ndebtor. A perfected security interest in a certificated security or instrument\nremains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party delivers the\nsecurity certificate or instrument to the debtor for the purpose of:\n\n 1. ultimate sale or exchange; or\n\n 2. presentation, collection, enforcement, renewal, or registration of\n transfer.\n\nh. Expiration of temporary perfection. After the 20-day period specified in\nsubsection (e), (f), or (g) expires, perfection depends upon compliance with\nthis title.\n\nHISTORY: 1973, c. 509, \u00a7 8.9-304; 1984, c. 613; 1996, c. 216, \u00a7 8.9-115; 1997,\nc. 343; 2000, c. 1007; 2004, c. 200; 2024, c. 652.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}