{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.9A-320.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.9A-320.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.9A-320.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.9A-320.html"}],"law_id":62582,"edition_id":1,"section_id":62582,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-320","catch_line":"Buyer of goods","history":"Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-558, 55-146; 1956, c. 602; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.9-307; 1973, c. 509; 1986, c. 484; 1987, c. 657; 2000, c. 1007.","full_text":"a\n\nBuyer in ordinary course of business. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer in ordinary course of business, other than a person buying farm products from a person engaged in farming operations, takes free of a security interest created by the buyer’s seller, even if the security interest is perfected and the buyer knows of its existence.b\n\nBuyer of consumer goods. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer of goods from a person who used or bought the goods for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes takes free of a security interest, even if perfected, if the buyer buys:1\n\nwithout knowledge of the security interest;2\n\nfor value;3\n\nprimarily for the buyer’s personal, family, or household purposes; and4\n\nbefore the filing of a financing statement covering the goods.c\n\nEffectiveness of filing for subsection (b). To the extent that it affects the priority of a security interest over a buyer of goods under subsection (b), the period of effectiveness of a filing made in the jurisdiction in which the seller is located is governed by subsections (a) and (b) of § 8.9A-316.d\n\nBuyer in ordinary course of business at wellhead or minehead. A buyer in ordinary course of business buying oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead or after extraction takes free of an interest arising out of an encumbrance.e\n\nPossessory security interest not affected. Subsections (a) and (b) do not affect a security interest in goods in the possession of the secured party under § 8.9A-313.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":228207,"text":"Buyer in ordinary course of business. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer in ordinary course of business, other than a person buying farm products from a person engaged in farming operations, takes free of a security interest created by the buyer’s seller, even if the security interest is perfected and the buyer knows of its existence.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":228208,"text":"Buyer of consumer goods. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer of goods from a person who used or bought the goods for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes takes free of a security interest, even if perfected, if the buyer buys:","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"b1"},"2":{"id":228209,"text":"without knowledge of the security interest;","type":"section","prefixes":["b","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"b1","prefix_anchor":"b1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"b2"},"3":{"id":228210,"text":"for value;","type":"section","prefixes":["b","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"b2","prefix_anchor":"b2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b1","next_prefix":"b3"},"4":{"id":228211,"text":"primarily for the buyer’s personal, family, or household purposes; and","type":"section","prefixes":["b","3"],"prefix":"3","entire_prefix":"b3","prefix_anchor":"b3","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b2","next_prefix":"b4"},"5":{"id":228212,"text":"before the filing of a financing statement covering the goods.","type":"section","prefixes":["b","4"],"prefix":"4","entire_prefix":"b4","prefix_anchor":"b4","level":2,"prior_prefix":"b3","next_prefix":"c"},"6":{"id":228213,"text":"Effectiveness of filing for subsection (b). To the extent that it affects the priority of a security interest over a buyer of goods under subsection (b), the period of effectiveness of a filing made in the jurisdiction in which the seller is located is governed by subsections (a) and (b) of § 8.9A-316.","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b4","next_prefix":"d"},"7":{"id":228214,"text":"Buyer in ordinary course of business at wellhead or minehead. A buyer in ordinary course of business buying oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead or after extraction takes free of an interest arising out of an encumbrance.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c","next_prefix":"e"},"8":{"id":228215,"text":"Possessory security interest not affected. Subsections (a) and (b) do not affect a security interest in goods in the possession of the secured party under § 8.9A-313.","type":"section","prefixes":["e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"e","prefix_anchor":"e","level":1,"prior_prefix":"d"}},"ancestry":[{"id":14251,"edition_id":1,"name":"Priority","identifier":"3","label":"subpart","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13858,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:47:27","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:47:27","permalink":{"id":284025,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":14251,"identifier":"3","token":"8.9A\/3\/3","url":"\/8.9A\/3\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13858,"edition_id":1,"name":"Perfection and Priority","identifier":"3","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13277,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:46:06","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:46:06","permalink":{"id":283943,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13858,"identifier":"3","token":"8.9A\/3","url":"\/8.9A\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13277,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Secured Transactions","identifier":"8.9A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","permalink":{"id":283833,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13277,"identifier":"8.9A","token":"8.9A","url":"\/8.9A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":62358,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-317","catch_line":"Interests that take priority over or take free of security interest or agricultural lien","url":"\/8.9A-317\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-317","metadata":false},{"id":78831,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-318","catch_line":"No interest retained in right to payment that is sold; rights and title of seller of account or chattel paper with respect to creditors and purchasers","url":"\/8.9A-318\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-318","metadata":false},{"id":70155,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-319","catch_line":"Rights and title of consignee with respect to creditors and purchasers","url":"\/8.9A-319\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-319","metadata":false},{"id":62582,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-320","catch_line":"Buyer of goods","url":"\/8.9A-320\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-320","metadata":false},{"id":59162,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-321","catch_line":"Licensee of general intangible and lessee of goods in ordinary course of business","url":"\/8.9A-321\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-321","metadata":false},{"id":61423,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-322","catch_line":"Priorities among conflicting security interests in and agricultural liens on same collateral","url":"\/8.9A-322\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-322","metadata":false},{"id":65781,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-323","catch_line":"Future advances","url":"\/8.9A-323\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-323","metadata":false},{"id":72557,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-324","catch_line":"Priority of purchase-money security interests","url":"\/8.9A-324\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-324","metadata":false},{"id":61420,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-325","catch_line":"Priority of security interests in transferred collateral","url":"\/8.9A-325\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-325","metadata":false},{"id":62923,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-326","catch_line":"Priority of security interests created by new debtor","url":"\/8.9A-326\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-326","metadata":false},{"id":66791,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-326.1","catch_line":"Priority of security interest in controllable account, controllable electronic record, and controllable payment intangible","url":"\/8.9A-326.1\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-326.1","metadata":false},{"id":71092,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-327","catch_line":"Priority of security interests in deposit account","url":"\/8.9A-327\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-327","metadata":false},{"id":71019,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-328","catch_line":"Priority of security interests in investment property","url":"\/8.9A-328\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-328","metadata":false},{"id":66602,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-329","catch_line":"Priority of security interests in letter-of-credit right","url":"\/8.9A-329\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-329","metadata":false},{"id":62875,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-330","catch_line":"Priority of purchaser of chattel paper or instrument","url":"\/8.9A-330\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-330","metadata":false},{"id":66143,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-331","catch_line":"Priority of rights of purchasers of controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, documents, instruments and securities under other titles, priority of interests in financial assets and security entitlements and protection against assertion of claims under Titles 8.8A and 8.12","url":"\/8.9A-331\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-331","metadata":false},{"id":59890,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-332","catch_line":"Transfer of money, transfer of funds from deposit account","url":"\/8.9A-332\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-332","metadata":false},{"id":79779,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-333","catch_line":"Priority of certain liens arising by operation of law","url":"\/8.9A-333\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-333","metadata":false},{"id":71252,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-334","catch_line":"Priority of security interests in fixtures and crops","url":"\/8.9A-334\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-334","metadata":false},{"id":66095,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-335","catch_line":"Accessions","url":"\/8.9A-335\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-335","metadata":false},{"id":80265,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-336","catch_line":"Commingled goods","url":"\/8.9A-336\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-336","metadata":false},{"id":55482,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-337","catch_line":"Priority of security interests in goods covered by certificate of title","url":"\/8.9A-337\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-337","metadata":false},{"id":72213,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-338","catch_line":"Priority of security interest or agricultural lien perfected by filed financing statement providing certain incorrect information","url":"\/8.9A-338\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-338","metadata":false},{"id":61256,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-339","catch_line":"Priority subject to subordination","url":"\/8.9A-339\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-339","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":70155,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-319","catch_line":"Rights and title of consignee with respect to creditors and purchasers","url":"\/8.9A-319\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-319","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":59162,"structure_id":14251,"section_number":"8.9A-321","catch_line":"Licensee of general intangible and lessee of goods in ordinary course of business","url":"\/8.9A-321\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-321","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.9A-320\/","history_text":"

The record of this law\u2019s original creation isn\u2019t available online. It has been modified 6 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1956, chapter 602; in 1964, chapter 219; in 1973, chapter 509; in 1986, chapter 484; in 1987, chapter 657; in 2000, chapter 1007<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":82240,"section_number":"29.1-733.23","catch_line":"Rights of purchaser other than secured party","order_by":null,"url":"\/29.1-733.23\/"},{"id":54815,"section_number":"8.7-209","catch_line":"Lien of warehouseman","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.7-209\/"},{"id":61107,"section_number":"8.7-503","catch_line":"Document to goods defeated in certain cases","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.7-503\/"},{"id":62358,"section_number":"8.9A-317","catch_line":"Interests that take priority over or take free of security interest or agricultural lien","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-317\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":59813,"section_number":"8.9A-313","catch_line":"When possession by or delivery to secured party perfects security interest without filing","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-313\/"}],"permalink":{"id":284039,"object_type":"law","relational_id":62582,"identifier":"8.9A-320","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-320","url":"\/8.9A-320\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.9A-320\/","token":"8.9A\/3\/3\/8.9A-320","dublin_core":{"Title":"Buyer of goods","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.9A-320","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> Buyer in ordinary course of business. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer in ordinary course of business, other than a person buying farm products from a person engaged in farming operations, takes free of a security interest created by the buyer’s seller, even if the security interest is perfected and the buyer knows of its existence. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> Buyer of consumer goods. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer of goods from a person who used or bought the goods for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes takes free of a security interest, even if perfected, if the buyer buys: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> without knowledge of the security interest; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> for value; <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

3.<\/span> primarily for the buyer’s personal, family, or household purposes; and <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

4.<\/span> before the filing of a financing statement covering the goods. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> Effectiveness of filing for subsection (b). To the extent that it affects the priority of a security interest over a buyer of goods under subsection (b), the period of effectiveness of a filing made in the jurisdiction<\/span> in which the seller is located is governed by subsections (a) and (b) of § 8.9A-316<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> Buyer in ordinary course of business at wellhead or minehead. A buyer in ordinary course of business buying oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead or after extraction takes free of an interest arising out of an encumbrance. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

e.<\/span> Possessory security interest not affected. Subsections (a) and (b) do not affect a security interest in goods in the possession<\/span> of the secured party<\/span> under § 8.9A-313<\/a>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nBUYER OF GOODS (\u00a7 8.9A-320)\n\na. Buyer in ordinary course of business. Except as otherwise provided in\nsubsection (e), a buyer in ordinary course of business, other than a person\nbuying farm products from a person engaged in farming operations, takes free of\na security interest created by the buyer’s seller, even if the security\ninterest is perfected and the buyer knows of its existence.\n\nb. Buyer of consumer goods. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a\nbuyer of goods from a person who used or bought the goods for use primarily for\npersonal, family, or household purposes takes free of a security interest, even\nif perfected, if the buyer buys:\n\n 1. without knowledge of the security interest;\n\n 2. for value;\n\n 3. primarily for the buyer’s personal, family, or household purposes;\n and\n\n 4. before the filing of a financing statement covering the goods.\n\nc. Effectiveness of filing for subsection (b). To the extent that it affects the\npriority of a security interest over a buyer of goods under subsection (b), the\nperiod of effectiveness of a filing made in the jurisdiction in which the seller\nis located is governed by subsections (a) and (b) of § 8.9A-316.\n\nd. Buyer in ordinary course of business at wellhead or minehead. A buyer in\nordinary course of business buying oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead\nor minehead or after extraction takes free of an interest arising out of an\nencumbrance.\n\ne. Possessory security interest not affected. Subsections (a) and (b) do not\naffect a security interest in goods in the possession of the secured party under\n§ 8.9A-313.\n\nHISTORY: Code 1950, \u00a7\u00a7 6-558, 55-146; 1956, c. 602; 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.9-307;\n1973, c. 509; 1986, c. 484; 1987, c. 657; 2000, c. 1007.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}