{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/8.9A-610.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/8.9A-610.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/8.9A-610.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/8.9A-610.html"}],"law_id":83035,"edition_id":1,"section_id":83035,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-610","catch_line":"Disposition of collateral after default","history":"1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.9-504; 1973, c. 509; 2000, c. 1007.","full_text":"a\n\nDisposition after default. After default, a secured party may sell, lease, license, or otherwise dispose of any or all of the collateral in its present condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.b\n\nCommercially reasonable disposition. Every aspect of a disposition of collateral, including the method, manner, time, place, and other terms, must be commercially reasonable. If commercially reasonable, a secured party may dispose of collateral by public or private proceedings, by one or more contracts, as a unit or in parcels, and at any time and place and on any terms.c\n\nPurchase by secured party. A secured party may purchase collateral:1\n\nat a public disposition; or2\n\nat a private disposition only if the collateral is of a kind that is customarily sold on a recognized market or the subject of widely distributed standard price quotations.d\n\nWarranties on disposition. A contract for sale, lease, license, or other disposition includes the warranties relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, and the like which by operation of law accompany a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract.e\n\nDisclaimer of warranties. A secured party may disclaim or modify warranties under subsection (d):1\n\nin a manner that would be effective to disclaim or modify the warranties in a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract of disposition; or2\n\nby communicating to the purchaser a record evidencing the contract for disposition and including an express disclaimer or modification of the warranties.f\n\nRecord sufficient to disclaim warranties. A record is sufficient to disclaim warranties under subsection (e) if it indicates “There is no warranty relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, or the like in this disposition” or uses words of similar import.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":297604,"text":"Disposition after default. After default, a secured party may sell, lease, license, or otherwise dispose of any or all of the collateral in its present condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.","type":"section","prefixes":["a"],"prefix":"a","entire_prefix":"a","prefix_anchor":"a","level":1,"next_prefix":"b"},"1":{"id":297605,"text":"Commercially reasonable disposition. Every aspect of a disposition of collateral, including the method, manner, time, place, and other terms, must be commercially reasonable. If commercially reasonable, a secured party may dispose of collateral by public or private proceedings, by one or more contracts, as a unit or in parcels, and at any time and place and on any terms.","type":"section","prefixes":["b"],"prefix":"b","entire_prefix":"b","prefix_anchor":"b","level":1,"prior_prefix":"a","next_prefix":"c"},"2":{"id":297606,"text":"Purchase by secured party. A secured party may purchase collateral:","type":"section","prefixes":["c"],"prefix":"c","entire_prefix":"c","prefix_anchor":"c","level":1,"prior_prefix":"b","next_prefix":"c1"},"3":{"id":297607,"text":"at a public disposition; or","type":"section","prefixes":["c","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"c1","prefix_anchor":"c1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"c","next_prefix":"c2"},"4":{"id":297608,"text":"at a private disposition only if the collateral is of a kind that is customarily sold on a recognized market or the subject of widely distributed standard price quotations.","type":"section","prefixes":["c","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"c2","prefix_anchor":"c2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"c1","next_prefix":"d"},"5":{"id":297609,"text":"Warranties on disposition. A contract for sale, lease, license, or other disposition includes the warranties relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, and the like which by operation of law accompany a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract.","type":"section","prefixes":["d"],"prefix":"d","entire_prefix":"d","prefix_anchor":"d","level":1,"prior_prefix":"c2","next_prefix":"e"},"6":{"id":297610,"text":"Disclaimer of warranties. A secured party may disclaim or modify warranties under subsection (d):","type":"section","prefixes":["e"],"prefix":"e","entire_prefix":"e","prefix_anchor":"e","level":1,"prior_prefix":"d","next_prefix":"e1"},"7":{"id":297611,"text":"in a manner that would be effective to disclaim or modify the warranties in a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract of disposition; or","type":"section","prefixes":["e","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"e1","prefix_anchor":"e1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"e","next_prefix":"e2"},"8":{"id":297612,"text":"by communicating to the purchaser a record evidencing the contract for disposition and including an express disclaimer or modification of the warranties.","type":"section","prefixes":["e","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"e2","prefix_anchor":"e2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"e1","next_prefix":"f"},"9":{"id":297613,"text":"Record sufficient to disclaim warranties. A record is sufficient to disclaim warranties under subsection (e) if it indicates “There is no warranty relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, or the like in this disposition” or uses words of similar import.","type":"section","prefixes":["f"],"prefix":"f","entire_prefix":"f","prefix_anchor":"f","level":1,"prior_prefix":"e2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":15263,"edition_id":1,"name":"Default and Enforcement of Security Interest","identifier":"1","label":"subpart","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":15262,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:53:25","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:53:25","permalink":{"id":284295,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15263,"identifier":"1","token":"8.9A\/6\/1","url":"\/8.9A\/6\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":15262,"edition_id":1,"name":"Default","identifier":"6","label":"part","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":13277,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:53:25","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:53:25","permalink":{"id":284293,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15262,"identifier":"6","token":"8.9A\/6","url":"\/8.9A\/6\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":13277,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commercial Code \u2014 Secured Transactions","identifier":"8.9A","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:33","permalink":{"id":283833,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13277,"identifier":"8.9A","token":"8.9A","url":"\/8.9A\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":87391,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-601","catch_line":"Rights after default; judicial enforcement, consignor or buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes","url":"\/8.9A-601\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-601","metadata":false},{"id":74406,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-602","catch_line":"Waiver and variance of rights and duties","url":"\/8.9A-602\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-602","metadata":false},{"id":69348,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-603","catch_line":"Agreement on standards concerning rights and duties","url":"\/8.9A-603\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-603","metadata":false},{"id":61411,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-604","catch_line":"Procedure if security agreement covers real property or fixtures","url":"\/8.9A-604\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-604","metadata":false},{"id":69925,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-605","catch_line":"Unknown debtor or secondary obligor","url":"\/8.9A-605\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-605","metadata":false},{"id":82913,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-606","catch_line":"Time of default for agricultural lien","url":"\/8.9A-606\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-606","metadata":false},{"id":78656,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-607","catch_line":"Collection and enforcement by secured party","url":"\/8.9A-607\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-607","metadata":false},{"id":58414,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-608","catch_line":"Application of proceeds of collection or enforcement; liability for deficiency and right to surplus","url":"\/8.9A-608\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-608","metadata":false},{"id":76317,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-609","catch_line":"Secured party's right to take possession after default","url":"\/8.9A-609\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-609","metadata":false},{"id":83035,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-610","catch_line":"Disposition of collateral after default","url":"\/8.9A-610\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-610","metadata":false},{"id":69700,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-611","catch_line":"Notification before disposition of collateral","url":"\/8.9A-611\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-611","metadata":false},{"id":60808,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-612","catch_line":"Timeliness of notification before disposition of collateral","url":"\/8.9A-612\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-612","metadata":false},{"id":72203,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-613","catch_line":"Contents and form of notification before disposition of collateral; general","url":"\/8.9A-613\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-613","metadata":false},{"id":83544,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-614","catch_line":"Contents and form of notification before disposition of collateral; consumer-goods transaction","url":"\/8.9A-614\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-614","metadata":false},{"id":63326,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-615","catch_line":"Application of proceeds of disposition; liability for deficiency and right to surplus","url":"\/8.9A-615\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-615","metadata":false},{"id":58094,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-616","catch_line":"Explanation of calculation of surplus or deficiency","url":"\/8.9A-616\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-616","metadata":false},{"id":70895,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-617","catch_line":"Rights of transferee of collateral","url":"\/8.9A-617\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-617","metadata":false},{"id":74054,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-618","catch_line":"Rights and duties of certain secondary obligors","url":"\/8.9A-618\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-618","metadata":false},{"id":82499,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-619","catch_line":"Transfer of record or legal title","url":"\/8.9A-619\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-619","metadata":false},{"id":83620,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-620","catch_line":"Acceptance of collateral in full or partial satisfaction of obligation; compulsory disposition of collateral","url":"\/8.9A-620\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-620","metadata":false},{"id":69990,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-621","catch_line":"Notification of proposal to accept collateral","url":"\/8.9A-621\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-621","metadata":false},{"id":87445,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-622","catch_line":"Effect of acceptance of collateral","url":"\/8.9A-622\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-622","metadata":false},{"id":76014,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-623","catch_line":"Right to redeem collateral","url":"\/8.9A-623\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-623","metadata":false},{"id":86883,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-624","catch_line":"Waiver","url":"\/8.9A-624\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-624","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":76317,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-609","catch_line":"Secured party's right to take possession after default","url":"\/8.9A-609\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-609","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":69700,"structure_id":15263,"section_number":"8.9A-611","catch_line":"Notification before disposition of collateral","url":"\/8.9A-611\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-611","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/8.9A-610\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1964. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 219 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1964 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 1973, chapter 509; in 2000, chapter 1007<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":62108,"section_number":"55.1-1305","catch_line":"Rent; liability of secured party taking possession of an abandoned manufactured home","order_by":null,"url":"\/55.1-1305\/"},{"id":78910,"section_number":"8.9A-406","catch_line":"Discharge of account debtor; notification of assignment; identification and proof of assignment; restrictions on assignment of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, and promissory notes ineffective","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-406\/"},{"id":86931,"section_number":"8.9A-408","catch_line":"Restrictions on assignment of promissory notes, health-care-insurance receivables, and certain general intangibles ineffective","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-408\/"},{"id":74406,"section_number":"8.9A-602","catch_line":"Waiver and variance of rights and duties","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-602\/"},{"id":69700,"section_number":"8.9A-611","catch_line":"Notification before disposition of collateral","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-611\/"},{"id":63326,"section_number":"8.9A-615","catch_line":"Application of proceeds of disposition; liability for deficiency and right to surplus","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-615\/"},{"id":74054,"section_number":"8.9A-618","catch_line":"Rights and duties of certain secondary obligors","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-618\/"},{"id":83620,"section_number":"8.9A-620","catch_line":"Acceptance of collateral in full or partial satisfaction of obligation; compulsory disposition of collateral","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-620\/"},{"id":76014,"section_number":"8.9A-623","catch_line":"Right to redeem collateral","order_by":null,"url":"\/8.9A-623\/"}],"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":284333,"object_type":"law","relational_id":83035,"identifier":"8.9A-610","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-610","url":"\/8.9A-610\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/8.9A-610\/","token":"8.9A\/6\/1\/8.9A-610","dublin_core":{"Title":"Disposition of collateral after default","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 8.9A-610","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

a.<\/span> Disposition<\/span> after default<\/span>. After default<\/span>, a secured party<\/span> may sell, lease, license, or otherwise dispose of any or all of the collateral<\/span> in its present condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

b.<\/span> Commercially reasonable disposition<\/span>. Every aspect of a disposition<\/span> of collateral<\/span>, including the method, manner, time, place, and other terms, must be commercially reasonable. If commercially reasonable, a secured party<\/span> may dispose of collateral<\/span> by public or private proceedings, by one or more contracts<\/span>, as a unit or in parcels, and at any time and place and on any terms. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

c.<\/span> Purchase by secured party<\/span>. A secured party<\/span> may purchase collateral<\/span>: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> at a public disposition<\/span>; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> at a private disposition<\/span> only if the collateral<\/span> is of a kind that is customarily sold on a recognized market or the subject of widely distributed standard price quotations. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

d.<\/span> Warranties on disposition<\/span>. A contract<\/span> for sale, lease, license, or other disposition<\/span> includes the warranties relating to title, possession<\/span>, quiet enjoyment, and the like which by operation of law<\/span> accompany a voluntary disposition<\/span> of property of the kind subject to the contract<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

e.<\/span> Disclaimer of warranties. A secured party<\/span> may disclaim or modify warranties under subsection (d): <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> in a manner that would be effective to disclaim or modify the warranties in a voluntary disposition<\/span> of property of the kind subject to the contract<\/span> of disposition<\/span>; or <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> by communicating to the purchaser a record evidencing the contract<\/span> for disposition<\/span> and including an express disclaimer or modification of the warranties. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

f.<\/span> Record sufficient to disclaim warranties. A record is sufficient to disclaim warranties under subsection (e) if it indicates “There is no warranty relating to title, possession<\/span>, quiet enjoyment, or the like in this disposition<\/span>” or uses words of similar import. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nDISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL AFTER DEFAULT (\u00a7 8.9A-610)\n\na. Disposition after default. After default, a secured party may sell, lease,\nlicense, or otherwise dispose of any or all of the collateral in its present\ncondition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing.\n\nb. Commercially reasonable disposition. Every aspect of a disposition of\ncollateral, including the method, manner, time, place, and other terms, must be\ncommercially reasonable. If commercially reasonable, a secured party may dispose\nof collateral by public or private proceedings, by one or more contracts, as a\nunit or in parcels, and at any time and place and on any terms.\n\nc. Purchase by secured party. A secured party may purchase collateral:\n\n 1. at a public disposition; or\n\n 2. at a private disposition only if the collateral is of a kind that is\n customarily sold on a recognized market or the subject of widely distributed\n standard price quotations.\n\nd. Warranties on disposition. A contract for sale, lease, license, or other\ndisposition includes the warranties relating to title, possession, quiet\nenjoyment, and the like which by operation of law accompany a voluntary\ndisposition of property of the kind subject to the contract.\n\ne. Disclaimer of warranties. A secured party may disclaim or modify warranties\nunder subsection (d):\n\n 1. in a manner that would be effective to disclaim or modify the warranties in\n a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract of\n disposition; or\n\n 2. by communicating to the purchaser a record evidencing the contract for\n disposition and including an express disclaimer or modification of the\n warranties.\n\nf. Record sufficient to disclaim warranties. A record is sufficient to disclaim\nwarranties under subsection (e) if it indicates “There is no warranty\nrelating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, or the like in this\ndisposition” or uses words of similar import.\n\nHISTORY: 1964, c. 219, \u00a7 8.9-504; 1973, c. 509; 2000, c. 1007.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}