{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/9.1-126.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/9.1-126.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/9.1-126.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/9.1-126.html"}],"law_id":66684,"edition_id":1,"section_id":66684,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-126","catch_line":"Application and construction of article","history":"1981, c. 632, \u00a7 9-184; 2001, c. 844; 2007, c. 389.","full_text":"A\n\nThis article shall apply to original or copied criminal history record information, maintained by a criminal justice agency of (i) the Commonwealth or its political subdivisions and (ii) the United States or another state or its political subdivisions which exchange such information with an agency covered in clause (i), but only to the extent of that exchange.B\n\nThe provisions of this article shall not apply to original or copied (i) records of entry, such as police blotters, maintained by a criminal justice agency on a chronological basis and permitted to be made public, if such records are not indexed or accessible by name, (ii) court records of public criminal proceedings, including opinions and published compilations thereof, (iii) records of traffic offenses disseminated to or maintained by the Department of Motor Vehicles for the purpose of regulating the issuance, suspension, revocation, or renewal of drivers’ or other operators’ licenses, (iv) statistical or analytical records or reports in which individuals are not identified and from which their identities cannot be ascertained, (v) announcements of executive clemency, pardons, or removals of political disabilities, (vi) posters, announcements, or lists for identifying or apprehending fugitives or wanted persons, (vii) criminal justice intelligence information, or (viii) criminal justice investigative information. Except as provided in §§ 15.2-1722, 16.1-299, and 19.2-390, nothing contained in this article shall be construed as requiring any criminal justice agency to collect, maintain, or update criminal history record information, as defined in § 9.1-101, when such information is already available and readily accessible from another criminal justice agency.C\n\nNothing contained in this article shall be construed as prohibiting a criminal justice agency from disclosing to the public factual information concerning the status of an investigation, the apprehension, arrest, release, or prosecution of an individual, the adjudication of charges, or the correctional status of an individual, which is related to the offense for which the individual is currently within the criminal justice system.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":241870,"text":"This article shall apply to original or copied criminal history record information, maintained by a criminal justice agency of (i) the Commonwealth or its political subdivisions and (ii) the United States or another state or its political subdivisions which exchange such information with an agency covered in clause (i), but only to the extent of that exchange.","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"B"},"1":{"id":241871,"text":"The provisions of this article shall not apply to original or copied (i) records of entry, such as police blotters, maintained by a criminal justice agency on a chronological basis and permitted to be made public, if such records are not indexed or accessible by name, (ii) court records of public criminal proceedings, including opinions and published compilations thereof, (iii) records of traffic offenses disseminated to or maintained by the Department of Motor Vehicles for the purpose of regulating the issuance, suspension, revocation, or renewal of drivers’ or other operators’ licenses, (iv) statistical or analytical records or reports in which individuals are not identified and from which their identities cannot be ascertained, (v) announcements of executive clemency, pardons, or removals of political disabilities, (vi) posters, announcements, or lists for identifying or apprehending fugitives or wanted persons, (vii) criminal justice intelligence information, or (viii) criminal justice investigative information. Except as provided in §§ 15.2-1722, 16.1-299, and 19.2-390, nothing contained in this article shall be construed as requiring any criminal justice agency to collect, maintain, or update criminal history record information, as defined in § 9.1-101, when such information is already available and readily accessible from another criminal justice agency.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"C"},"2":{"id":241872,"text":"Nothing contained in this article shall be construed as prohibiting a criminal justice agency from disclosing to the public factual information concerning the status of an investigation, the apprehension, arrest, release, or prosecution of an individual, the adjudication of charges, or the correctional status of an individual, which is related to the offense for which the individual is currently within the criminal justice system.","type":"section","prefixes":["C"],"prefix":"C","entire_prefix":"C","prefix_anchor":"C","level":1,"prior_prefix":"B"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13449,"edition_id":1,"name":"Criminal Justice Information System","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12897,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:54","permalink":{"id":284821,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13449,"identifier":"3","token":"9.1\/1\/3","url":"\/9.1\/1\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12897,"edition_id":1,"name":"Department of Criminal Justice Services","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12896,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":284489,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12897,"identifier":"1","token":"9.1\/1","url":"\/9.1\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12896,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commonwealth Public Safety","identifier":"9.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":284487,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12896,"identifier":"9.1","token":"9.1","url":"\/9.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66684,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-126","catch_line":"Application and construction of article","url":"\/9.1-126\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-126","metadata":false},{"id":74624,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-127","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/9.1-127\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-127","metadata":false},{"id":80755,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-128","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Dissemination of criminal history record information; Board to adopt regulations and procedures","url":"\/9.1-128\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-128","metadata":false},{"id":56860,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-129","catch_line":"Participation of state and local agencies in interstate system; access to system limited","url":"\/9.1-129\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-129","metadata":false},{"id":54408,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-130","catch_line":"Procedures to be adopted by agencies maintaining criminal justice information systems","url":"\/9.1-130\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-130","metadata":false},{"id":58080,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-131","catch_line":"Annual audits","url":"\/9.1-131\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-131","metadata":false},{"id":75686,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-132","catch_line":"Individual's right of access to and review and correction of information","url":"\/9.1-132\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-132","metadata":false},{"id":56321,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-133","catch_line":"Certain information not subject to review or correction","url":"\/9.1-133\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-133","metadata":false},{"id":83289,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-134","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Sealing of criminal history record information","url":"\/9.1-134\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-134","metadata":false},{"id":73254,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-135","catch_line":"Civil remedies for violation of this chapter or Chapter 23 of Title 19.2","url":"\/9.1-135\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-135","metadata":false},{"id":84910,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-136","catch_line":"Criminal penalty for violation","url":"\/9.1-136\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-136","metadata":false},{"id":61519,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-137","catch_line":"Article to control over other laws; exceptions","url":"\/9.1-137\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-137","metadata":false}],"next_section":{"id":74624,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-127","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/9.1-127\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-127","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/9.1-126\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1981. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 632 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1981 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 2 times. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. Those modifications are as follows: in 2001, chapter 844<\/a>; in 2007, chapter 389<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":62575,"section_number":"2.2-3802","catch_line":"Systems to which chapter inapplicable","order_by":null,"url":"\/2.2-3802\/"},{"id":73488,"section_number":"9.1-101","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-101\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":59331,"section_number":"15.2-1722","catch_line":"Certain records to be kept by sheriffs and chiefs of police","order_by":null,"url":"\/15.2-1722\/"},{"id":84235,"section_number":"16.1-299","catch_line":"(Effective until July 1, 2026) Fingerprints and photographs of juveniles","order_by":null,"url":"\/16.1-299\/"},{"id":82582,"section_number":"19.2-390","catch_line":"Reports to be made by local law-enforcement officers, conservators of the peace, clerks of court, Secretary of the Commonwealth and Corrections officials to State Police; material submitted by other agencies","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-390\/"},{"id":73488,"section_number":"9.1-101","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Definitions","order_by":null,"url":"\/9.1-101\/"}],"permalink":{"id":284823,"object_type":"law","relational_id":66684,"identifier":"9.1-126","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-126","url":"\/9.1-126\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/9.1-126\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-126","dublin_core":{"Title":"Application and construction of article","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 9.1-126","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> This article shall apply to original or copied criminal history record information<\/span>, maintained by a criminal justice agency<\/span> of (i) the Commonwealth or its political subdivisions and (ii) the United States or another state or its political subdivisions which exchange such information with an agency covered in clause (i), but only to the extent of that exchange. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> The provisions of this article shall not apply to original or copied (i) records of entry, such as police<\/span> blotters, maintained by a criminal justice agency<\/span> on a chronological basis and permitted to be made public, if such records are not indexed or accessible by name, (ii) court<\/span> records of public criminal proceedings, including opinions<\/span> and published compilations thereof, (iii) records of traffic offenses<\/span> disseminated to or maintained by the Department<\/span> of Motor Vehicles for the purpose of regulating the issuance, suspension, revocation<\/span>, or renewal of drivers’ or other operators’ licenses, (iv) statistical or analytical records or reports in which individuals are not identified and from which their identities cannot be ascertained, (v) announcements of executive clemency, pardons<\/span>, or removals of political disabilities, (vi) posters, announcements, or lists for identifying or apprehending fugitives or wanted persons, (vii) criminal justice intelligence information, or (viii) criminal justice investigative information. Except as provided in §§ 15.2-1722<\/a>, 16.1-299<\/a>, and 19.2-390<\/a>, nothing contained in this article shall be construed as requiring any criminal justice agency<\/span> to collect, maintain, or update criminal history record information<\/span>, as defined in § 9.1-101<\/a>, when such information is already available and readily accessible from another criminal justice agency<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

C.<\/span> Nothing contained in this article shall be construed as prohibiting a criminal justice agency<\/span> from disclosing to the public factual information concerning the status of an investigation, the apprehension, arrest<\/span>, release, or prosecution<\/span> of an individual, the adjudication of charges, or the correctional status of an individual, which is related to the offense<\/span> for which the individual is currently within the criminal justice system. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nAPPLICATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF ARTICLE (\u00a7 9.1-126)\n\nA. This article shall apply to original or copied criminal history record\ninformation, maintained by a criminal justice agency of (i) the Commonwealth or\nits political subdivisions and (ii) the United States or another state or its\npolitical subdivisions which exchange such information with an agency covered in\nclause (i), but only to the extent of that exchange.\n\nB. The provisions of this article shall not apply to original or copied (i)\nrecords of entry, such as police blotters, maintained by a criminal justice\nagency on a chronological basis and permitted to be made public, if such records\nare not indexed or accessible by name, (ii) court records of public criminal\nproceedings, including opinions and published compilations thereof, (iii)\nrecords of traffic offenses disseminated to or maintained by the Department of\nMotor Vehicles for the purpose of regulating the issuance, suspension,\nrevocation, or renewal of drivers’ or other operators’ licenses,\n(iv) statistical or analytical records or reports in which individuals are not\nidentified and from which their identities cannot be ascertained, (v)\nannouncements of executive clemency, pardons, or removals of political\ndisabilities, (vi) posters, announcements, or lists for identifying or\napprehending fugitives or wanted persons, (vii) criminal justice intelligence\ninformation, or (viii) criminal justice investigative information. Except as\nprovided in §§ 15.2-1722, 16.1-299, and 19.2-390, nothing contained in\nthis article shall be construed as requiring any criminal justice agency to\ncollect, maintain, or update criminal history record information, as defined in\n§ 9.1-101, when such information is already available and readily\naccessible from another criminal justice agency.\n\nC. Nothing contained in this article shall be construed as prohibiting a\ncriminal justice agency from disclosing to the public factual information\nconcerning the status of an investigation, the apprehension, arrest, release, or\nprosecution of an individual, the adjudication of charges, or the correctional\nstatus of an individual, which is related to the offense for which the\nindividual is currently within the criminal justice system.\n\nHISTORY: 1981, c. 632, \u00a7 9-184; 2001, c. 844; 2007, c. 389.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}