{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/9.1-135.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/9.1-135.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/9.1-135.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/9.1-135.html"}],"law_id":73254,"edition_id":1,"section_id":73254,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-135","catch_line":"Civil remedies for violation of this chapter or Chapter 23 of Title 19.2","history":"1981, c. 632, \u00a7 9-194; 2001, c. 844.","full_text":"A\n\nAny person may institute a civil action in the circuit court of the jurisdiction in which the Board has its administrative headquarters, or in the jurisdiction in which any violation is alleged to have occurred:1\n\nFor actual damages resulting from violation of this article or to restrain any such violation, or both.2\n\nTo obtain appropriate equitable relief against any person who has engaged, is engaged, or is about to engage in any acts or practices in violation of Chapter 23 (§ 19.2-387 et seq.) of Title 19.2, this chapter or rules or regulations of the Board.B\n\nThis section shall not be construed as a waiver of the defense of sovereign immunity.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":263672,"text":"Any person may institute a civil action in the circuit court of the jurisdiction in which the Board has its administrative headquarters, or in the jurisdiction in which any violation is alleged to have occurred:","type":"section","prefixes":["A"],"prefix":"A","entire_prefix":"A","prefix_anchor":"A","level":1,"next_prefix":"A1"},"1":{"id":263673,"text":"For actual damages resulting from violation of this article or to restrain any such violation, or both.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","1"],"prefix":"1","entire_prefix":"A1","prefix_anchor":"A1","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A","next_prefix":"A2"},"2":{"id":263674,"text":"To obtain appropriate equitable relief against any person who has engaged, is engaged, or is about to engage in any acts or practices in violation of Chapter 23 (§ 19.2-387 et seq.) of Title 19.2, this chapter or rules or regulations of the Board.","type":"section","prefixes":["A","2"],"prefix":"2","entire_prefix":"A2","prefix_anchor":"A2","level":2,"prior_prefix":"A1","next_prefix":"B"},"3":{"id":263675,"text":"This section shall not be construed as a waiver of the defense of sovereign immunity.","type":"section","prefixes":["B"],"prefix":"B","entire_prefix":"B","prefix_anchor":"B","level":1,"prior_prefix":"A2"}},"ancestry":[{"id":13449,"edition_id":1,"name":"Criminal Justice Information System","identifier":"3","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12897,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:44:54","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:44:54","permalink":{"id":284821,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":13449,"identifier":"3","token":"9.1\/1\/3","url":"\/9.1\/1\/3\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12897,"edition_id":1,"name":"Department of Criminal Justice Services","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12896,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":284489,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12897,"identifier":"1","token":"9.1\/1","url":"\/9.1\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12896,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commonwealth Public Safety","identifier":"9.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":284487,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12896,"identifier":"9.1","token":"9.1","url":"\/9.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":66684,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-126","catch_line":"Application and construction of article","url":"\/9.1-126\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-126","metadata":false},{"id":74624,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-127","catch_line":"Repealed","url":"\/9.1-127\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-127","metadata":false},{"id":80755,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-128","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Dissemination of criminal history record information; Board to adopt regulations and procedures","url":"\/9.1-128\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-128","metadata":false},{"id":56860,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-129","catch_line":"Participation of state and local agencies in interstate system; access to system limited","url":"\/9.1-129\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-129","metadata":false},{"id":54408,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-130","catch_line":"Procedures to be adopted by agencies maintaining criminal justice information systems","url":"\/9.1-130\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-130","metadata":false},{"id":58080,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-131","catch_line":"Annual audits","url":"\/9.1-131\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-131","metadata":false},{"id":75686,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-132","catch_line":"Individual's right of access to and review and correction of information","url":"\/9.1-132\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-132","metadata":false},{"id":56321,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-133","catch_line":"Certain information not subject to review or correction","url":"\/9.1-133\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-133","metadata":false},{"id":83289,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-134","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Sealing of criminal history record information","url":"\/9.1-134\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-134","metadata":false},{"id":73254,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-135","catch_line":"Civil remedies for violation of this chapter or Chapter 23 of Title 19.2","url":"\/9.1-135\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-135","metadata":false},{"id":84910,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-136","catch_line":"Criminal penalty for violation","url":"\/9.1-136\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-136","metadata":false},{"id":61519,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-137","catch_line":"Article to control over other laws; exceptions","url":"\/9.1-137\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-137","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":83289,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-134","catch_line":"(Effective July 1, 2026) Sealing of criminal history record information","url":"\/9.1-134\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-134","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":84910,"structure_id":13449,"section_number":"9.1-136","catch_line":"Criminal penalty for violation","url":"\/9.1-136\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-136","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/9.1-135\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1981. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 632 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1981 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2001, chapter 844<\/a>.<\/p>","references":[{"id":80010,"section_number":"18.2-308.2:2","catch_line":"Criminal history record information check required for the transfer of certain firearms","order_by":null,"url":"\/18.2-308.2_2\/"}],"refers_to":[{"id":60081,"section_number":"19.2-387","catch_line":"Exchange to operate as a division of Department of State Police; authority of Superintendent of State Police","order_by":null,"url":"\/19.2-387\/"}],"permalink":{"id":284859,"object_type":"law","relational_id":73254,"identifier":"9.1-135","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-135","url":"\/9.1-135\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/9.1-135\/","token":"9.1\/1\/3\/9.1-135","dublin_core":{"Title":"Civil remedies for violation of this chapter or Chapter 23 of Title 19.2","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 9.1-135","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

A.<\/span> Any person may institute a civil action<\/span> in the circuit<\/span> court<\/span> of the jurisdiction<\/span> in which the Board<\/span> has its administrative headquarters, or in the jurisdiction<\/span> in which any violation is alleged to have occurred: <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

1.<\/span> For actual damages<\/span> resulting from violation of this article or to restrain any such violation, or both. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

2.<\/span> To obtain appropriate equitable<\/span> relief against any person who has engaged, is engaged, or is about to engage in any acts or practices in violation of Chapter 23 (§ 19.2-387<\/a> et seq.) of Title 19.2, this chapter or rules or regulations of the Board<\/span>. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

B.<\/span> This section shall not be construed as a waiver<\/span> of the defense of sovereign immunity. <\/i><\/a><\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nCIVIL REMEDIES FOR VIOLATION OF THIS CHAPTER OR CHAPTER 23 OF TITLE 19.2 (\u00a7\n9.1-135)\n\nA. Any person may institute a civil action in the circuit court of the\njurisdiction in which the Board has its administrative headquarters, or in the\njurisdiction in which any violation is alleged to have occurred:\n\n 1. For actual damages resulting from violation of this article or to restrain\n any such violation, or both.\n\n 2. To obtain appropriate equitable relief against any person who has engaged,\n is engaged, or is about to engage in any acts or practices in violation of\n Chapter 23 (§ 19.2-387 et seq.) of Title 19.2, this chapter or rules or\n regulations of the Board.\n\nB. This section shall not be construed as a waiver of the defense of sovereign\nimmunity.\n\nHISTORY: 1981, c. 632, \u00a7 9-194; 2001, c. 844.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}