{"formats":[{"name":"JSON","format":"json","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-json\/9.1-154.json"},{"name":"Plain Text","format":"text","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-text\/9.1-154.txt"},{"name":"XML","format":"xml","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-xml\/9.1-154.xml"},{"name":"HTML","format":"html","url":"\/downloads\/2025\/code-html\/9.1-154.html"}],"law_id":60937,"edition_id":1,"section_id":60937,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-154","catch_line":"Immunity","history":"1990, c. 752, \u00a7 9-173.10; 2001, c. 844.","full_text":"No staff of or volunteers participating in a program, whether or not compensated, shall be subject to personal liability while acting within the scope of their duties, except for gross negligence or intentional misconduct.","order_by":null,"text":{"0":{"id":222877,"text":"No staff of or volunteers participating in a program, whether or not compensated, shall be subject to personal liability while acting within the scope of their duties, except for gross negligence or intentional misconduct.","type":"section","prefixes":[""],"prefix":"","entire_prefix":"","prefix_anchor":"","level":1}},"ancestry":[{"id":15805,"edition_id":1,"name":"Court-Appointed Special Advocate Program","identifier":"5","label":"article","depth":3,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12897,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:59:48","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:59:48","permalink":{"id":284955,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":15805,"identifier":"5","token":"9.1\/1\/5","url":"\/9.1\/1\/5\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12897,"edition_id":1,"name":"Department of Criminal Justice Services","identifier":"1","label":"chapter","depth":2,"order_by":1,"parent_id":12896,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":284489,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12897,"identifier":"1","token":"9.1\/1","url":"\/9.1\/1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}},{"id":12896,"edition_id":1,"name":"Commonwealth Public Safety","identifier":"9.1","label":"title","depth":1,"order_by":1,"parent_id":null,"metadata":{},"date_created":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","date_modified":"2026-06-26 03:43:59","permalink":{"id":284487,"object_type":"structure","relational_id":12896,"identifier":"9.1","token":"9.1","url":"\/9.1\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1}}],"structure_contents":[{"id":83191,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-151","catch_line":"Court-Appointed Special Advocate Program; appointment of advisory committee","url":"\/9.1-151\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-151","metadata":false},{"id":75710,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-152","catch_line":"Local court-appointed special advocate programs; powers and duties","url":"\/9.1-152\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-152","metadata":false},{"id":71015,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-153","catch_line":"Volunteer court-appointed special advocates; powers and duties; assignment; qualifications; training","url":"\/9.1-153\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-153","metadata":false},{"id":60937,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-154","catch_line":"Immunity","url":"\/9.1-154\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-154","metadata":false},{"id":80988,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-155","catch_line":"Notice of hearings and proceedings","url":"\/9.1-155\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-155","metadata":false},{"id":66402,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-156","catch_line":"Inspection and copying of records by advocate; confidentiality of records","url":"\/9.1-156\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-156","metadata":false},{"id":70280,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-157","catch_line":"Cooperation of state and local entities","url":"\/9.1-157\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-157","metadata":false}],"previous_section":{"id":71015,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-153","catch_line":"Volunteer court-appointed special advocates; powers and duties; assignment; qualifications; training","url":"\/9.1-153\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-153","metadata":false},"next_section":{"id":80988,"structure_id":15805,"section_number":"9.1-155","catch_line":"Notice of hearings and proceedings","url":"\/9.1-155\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-155","metadata":false},"metadata":false,"official_url":"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/9.1-154\/","history_text":"

This law was first created in 1990. The record of its establishment is cataloged in chapter 752 of that year\u2019s edition of \u201cActs of Assembly,\u201d the annual state publication listing all changes made to the Code of Virginia in that year. Unfortunately, the 1990 \u201cActs\u201d aren\u2019t available online. It has been modified 1 time. Those modifications are cataloged by \u201cThe Acts of Assembly,\u201d a state publication, by year and chapter. Those modifications that can be read on the General Assembly\u2019s website will be linked accordingly. That modification is as follows: in 2001, chapter 844<\/a>.<\/p>","references":false,"refers_to":false,"permalink":{"id":284969,"object_type":"law","relational_id":60937,"identifier":"9.1-154","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-154","url":"\/9.1-154\/","edition_id":1,"permalink":0,"preferred":1},"url":"\/9.1-154\/","token":"9.1\/1\/5\/9.1-154","dublin_core":{"Title":"Immunity","Type":"Text","Format":"text\/html","Identifier":"\u00a7 9.1-154","Relation":"Code of Virginia"},"html":"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

No staff of or volunteers participating in a program, whether or not compensated, shall be subject to personal liability while acting within the scope of their duties, except for gross negligence<\/span> or intentional misconduct.<\/p><\/section>","plain_text":" CODE OF VIRGINIA\n\nIMMUNITY (\u00a7 9.1-154)\n\nNo staff of or volunteers participating in a program, whether or not\ncompensated, shall be subject to personal liability while acting within the\nscope of their duties, except for gross negligence or intentional misconduct.\n\nHISTORY: 1990, c. 752, \u00a7 9-173.10; 2001, c. 844.","edition":{"id":1,"name":"2025","slug":"2025","date_created":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","date_modified":"2026-06-21 22:39:22","current":1,"order_by":1,"last_import":null}}