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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>70794</law_id><section_number>11-2</section_number><catch_line>When written evidence required to maintain action</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="11">Contracts</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="1">General Provisions</unit></structure><text>
						<section><p>Unless a promise, <span class="dictionary">contract</span>, agreement, representation, assurance, or ratification, or some <span class="dictionary">memorandum</span> or note thereof, is in writing and signed by the <span class="dictionary">party</span> to be charged or his agent, no action shall be brought in any of the following cases:</p></section>
						<section id="1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> To charge any person upon or by reason of a representation or assurance concerning the character, conduct, credit, ability, trade, or dealings of another, to the <span class="dictionary">intent</span> or purpose that such other may obtain thereby, credit, money, or goods; <a id="paragraph-255324" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/11-2/#1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="2"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> To charge any person upon a promise made after attaining the age of majority, to pay a debt contracted during infancy, or upon a ratification after attaining the age of majority, of a promise or simple <span class="dictionary">contract</span> made during infancy; <a id="paragraph-255325" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/11-2/#2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> To charge a personal representative upon a promise to answer any debt or <span class="dictionary">damages</span> out of his own estate; <a id="paragraph-255326" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/11-2/#3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="4"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> To charge any person upon a promise to answer for the debt, <span class="dictionary">default</span>, or misdoings of another; <a id="paragraph-255327" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/11-2/#4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="5"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> Upon any agreement made upon consideration of marriage; <a id="paragraph-255328" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/11-2/#5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="6"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> Upon any <span class="dictionary">contract</span> for the sale of real estate, or for the lease thereof for more than a year; <a id="paragraph-255329" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/11-2/#6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="7"><p><span class="prefix-number">7.</span> Upon any agreement or <span class="dictionary">contract</span> for services to be performed in the sale of real estate by a <span class="dictionary">party</span> defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/54.1-2100/">54.1-2100</a>; <a id="paragraph-255330" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/11-2/#7"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="8"><p><span class="prefix-number">8.</span> Upon any agreement that is not to be performed within a year; or <a id="paragraph-255331" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/11-2/#8"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="9"><p><span class="prefix-number">9.</span> Upon any agreement or promise to lend money or extend credit in an aggregate amount of $25,000 or more.
			The consideration need not be set forth or expressed in the writing, and it may be proved (where a consideration is necessary) by other <span class="dictionary">evidence</span>. <a id="paragraph-255332" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/11-2/#9"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1919, &#xA7; 5561; 1976, c. 157; 1990, c. 570; 2024, cc. 459, 621.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
