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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>81612</law_id><section_number>13.1-1099.21</section_number><catch_line>Governing law; foreign series limited liability companies and foreign protected series</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>13.1-1093</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="13.1">Corporations</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="12">Virginia Limited Liability Company Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="16">Protected Series</unit></structure><text>
						<section><p>The <span class="dictionary">law</span> of the <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction of formation</span> of a <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> governs:</p></section>
						<section id="1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The internal affairs of a <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>, including:
			a. Relations among any associated <span class="dictionary">members</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span>;
			b. Relations between the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> and: <a id="paragraph-292277" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="11" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Any associated <span class="dictionary">member</span>; <a id="paragraph-292278" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#11"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="12" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The <span class="dictionary">protected series manager</span>; or <a id="paragraph-292279" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#12"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="13" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Any <span class="dictionary">protected series assignee</span>;
				c. Relations between any associated <span class="dictionary">member</span> and: <a id="paragraph-292280" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#13"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="11" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The <span class="dictionary">protected series manager</span>; and <a id="paragraph-292281" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#11"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="12" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Any <span class="dictionary">protected series assignee</span>;
				d. The rights and duties of a <span class="dictionary">protected series manager</span>;
				e. Governance decisions affecting the activities and affairs of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> and the conduct of those activities and affairs; and
				f. Procedures and conditions for becoming an associated <span class="dictionary">member</span> or <span class="dictionary">protected series assignee</span>; <a id="paragraph-292282" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#12"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="2"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Relations between the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> and:
			a. The <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>;
			b. Another <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>;
			c. A <span class="dictionary">member</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> that is not an associated <span class="dictionary">member</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span>;
			d. A <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> manager that is not a <span class="dictionary">protected series manager</span> of the protected series;
			e. A foreign <span class="dictionary">protected series assignee</span> that is not a foreign <span class="dictionary">protected series assignee</span> of the protected series; and
			f. An assignee of a <span class="dictionary">membership interest</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>; <a id="paragraph-292283" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Except as otherwise provided in &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Claim seeking to disregard limitation of liability" href="/13.1-1099.8/">13.1-1099.8</a> and <a class="law" title="Enforcement of claim against non-associated asset" href="/13.1-1099.10/">13.1-1099.10</a>, the liability of a <span class="dictionary">person</span> for a debt, obligation, or other liability of a <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of a <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> if the debt, obligation, or liability is asserted solely by reason of the <span class="dictionary">person</span> being or acting as:
			a. An associated <span class="dictionary">member</span>, <span class="dictionary">protected series assignee</span>, or <span class="dictionary">protected series manager</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span>;
			b. A <span class="dictionary">member</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> that is not an associated <span class="dictionary">member</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span>;
			c. A <span class="dictionary">protected series manager</span> of another <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>;
			d. A <span class="dictionary">protected series assignee</span> of another <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>;
			e. A manager of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>; or
			f. An assignee of a <span class="dictionary">membership interest</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>; and <a id="paragraph-292284" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="4"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> Except as otherwise provided in &#xA7;&#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Claim seeking to disregard limitation of liability" href="/13.1-1099.8/">13.1-1099.8</a> and <a class="law" title="Enforcement of claim against non-associated asset" href="/13.1-1099.10/">13.1-1099.10</a>:
			a. The liability of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> for a debt, obligation, or other liability of a <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> if the debt, obligation, or liability is asserted solely by reason of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> being a <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> or the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>: <a id="paragraph-292285" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="41" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Being or acting as a <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> manager of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span>; <a id="paragraph-292286" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#41"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="42" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Having the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> manage the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>; or <a id="paragraph-292287" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#42"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="43" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Owning a <span class="dictionary">protected series membership interest</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span>; and
				b. The liability of a <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> for a debt, obligation, or other liability of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> or another <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> if the debt, obligation, or liability is asserted solely by reason of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span>: <a id="paragraph-292288" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#43"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="41" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Being a <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> or having the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> or another <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> be or act as a <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> manager of the <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span>; or <a id="paragraph-292289" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#41"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="42" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Managing the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span> or being or acting as a <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> manager of another <span class="dictionary">foreign protected series</span> of the <span class="dictionary">foreign series <span class="dictionary">limited liability company</span></span>. <a id="paragraph-292290" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1099.21/#42"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2019, c. 636.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
