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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>61059</law_id><section_number>13.1-1226</section_number><catch_line>Beneficial interests</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>13.1-1002</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="13.1">Corporations</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="14">Virginia Business Trust Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="4">Beneficial Owners</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Except to the extent otherwise provided in the <span class="dictionary">articles of trust</span> or in the <span class="dictionary">governing instrument</span> of a <span class="dictionary">business trust</span>, a <span class="dictionary">beneficial owner</span> shall have an undivided beneficial interest in the property of the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> and shall share in the profits and losses of the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> in the proportion (expressed as a percentage) of the entire undivided beneficial interest in the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> owned by the <span class="dictionary">beneficial owner</span>. The <span class="dictionary">governing instrument</span> of a <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> may provide that the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> or the <span class="dictionary">trustees</span>, acting for and on behalf of the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span>, shall be deemed to hold beneficial ownership of any income earned on securities owned by the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> issued by any business entities formed, organized or existing under the <span class="dictionary">laws</span> of any <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span>, including the <span class="dictionary">laws</span> of any <span class="dictionary">foreign</span> country. <a id="paragraph-223265" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1226/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> 1. Except to the extent otherwise provided in the <span class="dictionary">articles of trust</span> or in the <span class="dictionary">governing instrument</span> of a <span class="dictionary">business trust</span>, a <span class="dictionary">beneficial owner</span> has no interest in specific <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> property. <a id="paragraph-223266" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1226/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> A <span class="dictionary">creditor</span> of the <span class="dictionary">beneficial owner</span> has no right to obtain <span class="dictionary">possession</span> of, or otherwise exercise legal or <span class="dictionary">equitable</span> remedies with respect to, the property of the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span>. <a id="paragraph-223267" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1226/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> A <span class="dictionary">beneficial owner</span>&#x2019;s beneficial interest in the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> is personal property notwithstanding the nature of the property of the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span>. <a id="paragraph-223268" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1226/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Except to the extent otherwise provided in the <span class="dictionary">articles of trust</span> or in the <span class="dictionary">governing instrument</span> of a <span class="dictionary">business trust</span>, a <span class="dictionary">beneficial owner</span>&#x2019;s beneficial interest in the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> is freely transferable. <a id="paragraph-223269" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1226/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> Except to the extent otherwise provided in the <span class="dictionary">articles of trust</span> or in the <span class="dictionary">governing instrument</span> of a <span class="dictionary">business trust</span>, at the time a <span class="dictionary">beneficial owner</span> becomes entitled to receive a distribution, the <span class="dictionary">beneficial owner</span> has the status of, and is entitled to all remedies available to, a <span class="dictionary">creditor</span> of the <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> with respect to the distribution. A <span class="dictionary">governing instrument</span> may provide for the establishment of record dates with respect to allocations and distributions by a <span class="dictionary">business trust</span>. <a id="paragraph-223270" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1226/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="F"><p><span class="prefix-number">F.</span> A <span class="dictionary">beneficial owner</span> of a <span class="dictionary">business trust</span> does not have a vested property right resulting from any provision of the <span class="dictionary">articles of trust</span>. <a id="paragraph-223271" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-1226/#F"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2002, c. 621.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
