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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>67483</law_id><section_number>13.1-614.3</section_number><catch_line>Ratification of defective corporate actions</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>13.1-614.2</reference><reference>13.1-614.4</reference><reference>13.1-614.5</reference><reference>13.1-614.6</reference><reference>13.1-614.7</reference><reference>13.1-614.8</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="13.1">Corporations</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="9">Virginia Stock Corporation Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="1.1">Ratification of Defective Corporate Actions</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> To ratify a <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span> under this section, other than the ratification of an election of the initial board of directors under subsection B, the board of directors shall adopt resolutions ratifying the action in accordance with &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Action of ratification" href="/13.1-614.4/">13.1-614.4</a>, stating: <a id="paragraph-244518" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span> to be ratified and, if the <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span> involved the issuance of <span class="dictionary">putative shares</span>, the number and type of <span class="dictionary">putative shares</span> purportedly issued; <a id="paragraph-244519" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#A1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The <span class="dictionary">date of the <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span></span>; <a id="paragraph-244520" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#A2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The nature of the <span class="dictionary">failure of authorization</span> with respect to the <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span> to be ratified; and <a id="paragraph-244521" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#A3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> That the board of directors approves the ratification of the <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span>. <a id="paragraph-244522" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#A4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> In the event that a <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span> to be ratified relates to the election of the initial board of directors of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> under subdivision A 2 of &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Organization of corporation" href="/13.1-623/">13.1-623</a>, a majority of the <span class="dictionary">persons</span> who, at the time of the ratification, are exercising the powers of directors may take an action stating: <a id="paragraph-244523" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The name of the <span class="dictionary">person</span> or <span class="dictionary">persons</span> who first took action in the name of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> as the initial board of directors of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>; <a id="paragraph-244524" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#B1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The earlier of the date on which such <span class="dictionary">persons</span> first took such action or were purported to have been elected as the initial board of directors; and <a id="paragraph-244525" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> That the ratification of the election of such <span class="dictionary">person</span> or <span class="dictionary">persons</span> as the initial board of directors is approved. <a id="paragraph-244526" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#B3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> If any provision of this chapter, the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span> or bylaws, any corporate resolution or any plan or agreement to which the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> is a <span class="dictionary">party</span> in effect at the time action under subsection A is taken requires <span class="dictionary">shareholder</span> approval or would have required <span class="dictionary">shareholder</span> approval at the date of the occurrence of the <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span>, the ratification of <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span> approved in the action taken by the directors under subsection A shall be submitted to the <span class="dictionary">shareholders</span> for approval in accordance with &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Action of ratification" href="/13.1-614.4/">13.1-614.4</a>. <a id="paragraph-244527" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Unless otherwise provided in the action taken by the board of directors under subsection A, after the action by the board of directors has been taken and, if required, approved by the <span class="dictionary">shareholders</span>, the board of directors may abandon the ratification at any time before the <span class="dictionary">validation effective time</span> without further action of the <span class="dictionary">shareholders</span>. <a id="paragraph-244528" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.3/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2019, c. 734.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
