<?xml version="1.0"?>
<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>73843</law_id><section_number>13.1-614.8</section_number><catch_line>Commission proceedings regarding validity of corporate actions</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>13.1-614.1</reference><reference>13.1-614.2</reference><reference>13.1-614.6</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="13.1">Corporations</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="9">Virginia Stock Corporation Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="1.1">Ratification of Defective Corporate Actions</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Upon application by the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>, any successor <span class="dictionary">entity</span> to the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>, a director of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>, any shareholder, <span class="dictionary">beneficial shareholder</span>, or unrestricted <span class="dictionary">voting trust beneficial owner</span> of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>, including any such shareholder, <span class="dictionary">beneficial shareholder</span>, or unrestricted <span class="dictionary">voting trust beneficial owner</span> as of the <span class="dictionary">date of the <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span></span> ratified under &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Ratification of defective corporate actions" href="/13.1-614.3/">13.1-614.3</a>, or any other <span class="dictionary">person</span> claiming to be substantially and adversely affected by a ratification under &#xA7;&#xA0;<a class="law" title="Ratification of defective corporate actions" href="/13.1-614.3/">13.1-614.3</a>, the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> may: <a id="paragraph-265510" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.8/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Determine the validity and effectiveness of any corporate action or <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span>; <a id="paragraph-265511" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.8/#A1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Determine the validity and effectiveness of any ratification under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Ratification of defective corporate actions" href="/13.1-614.3/">13.1-614.3</a>; <a id="paragraph-265512" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.8/#A2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Determine the validity of any <span class="dictionary">putative shares</span>; and <a id="paragraph-265513" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.8/#A3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> Modify or <span class="dictionary">waive</span> any of the procedures specified in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Ratification of defective corporate actions" href="/13.1-614.3/">13.1-614.3</a> or <a class="law" title="Action of ratification" href="/13.1-614.4/">13.1-614.4</a> to ratify a <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span>. <a id="paragraph-265514" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.8/#A4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> In connection with an action under this section, the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> may make such <span class="dictionary">findings</span> or <span class="dictionary">orders</span> and take into account any factors or considerations regarding such matters as it deems proper under the circumstances. <a id="paragraph-265515" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.8/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> <span class="dictionary">Service of process</span> of the application under subsection A on the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> may be made in any manner provided by <span class="dictionary">statutes</span> of the Commonwealth or by rule of the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> for service on the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>, and no other <span class="dictionary">party</span> need be joined in <span class="dictionary">order</span> for the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> to <span class="dictionary">adjudicate</span> the matter. In an action filed by the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>, the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> may require notice of the action be provided to other <span class="dictionary">persons</span> specified by the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> and permit such other <span class="dictionary">persons</span> to intervene in the action. <a id="paragraph-265516" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.8/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or otherwise under applicable <span class="dictionary">law</span>, any action asserting that the ratification of any <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span> and any <span class="dictionary">putative shares</span> issued as a result of such <span class="dictionary">defective corporate action</span> should not be effective, or should be effective only on certain conditions, shall be brought in a <span class="dictionary">petition</span> filed within 120 days of the <span class="dictionary">validation effective time</span>. <a id="paragraph-265517" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-614.8/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2019, c. 734.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
