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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>63089</law_id><section_number>13.1-852</section_number><catch_line>Voting for directors; cumulative voting</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>13.1-814.1</reference><reference>13.1-849</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="13.1">Corporations</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="10">Virginia Nonstock Corporation Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="7">Members and Meetings</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Unless otherwise provided in the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span>, <span class="dictionary">directors</span> are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by the <span class="dictionary">members</span> entitled to vote in the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present. <a id="paragraph-230074" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-852/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> <span class="dictionary">Members</span> do not have a right to cumulate their votes for <span class="dictionary">directors</span> unless the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span> so provide. <a id="paragraph-230075" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-852/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> A statement included in the <span class="dictionary">articles of incorporation</span> that &#x201C;<span class="dictionary">all of a designated voting group of members are entitled to cumulate their votes for directors</span>&#x201D; or words of similar import means that the members designated are entitled to multiply the number of votes they are entitled to cast by the number of directors for whom they are entitled to vote and cast the product for a single candidate or distribute the product among two or more candidates. <a id="paragraph-230076" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-852/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Members otherwise entitled to vote cumulatively may not vote cumulatively at a particular meeting unless: <a id="paragraph-230077" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-852/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The meeting notice or proxy statement accompanying the notice <span class="dictionary">states</span> conspicuously that cumulative voting is authorized; or <a id="paragraph-230078" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-852/#D1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> A <span class="dictionary">member</span> who has the right to cumulate his votes gives notice to the secretary of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> not less than 48 hours before the time set for the meeting of the <span class="dictionary">member</span>&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">intent</span> to cumulate his votes during the meeting. If one <span class="dictionary">member</span> gives such a notice, all other members in the same voting group participating in the election are entitled to cumulate their votes without giving further notice. <a id="paragraph-230079" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-852/#D2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7; 13.1-221; 1956, c. 428; 1985, c. 522; 2007, c. 925.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
