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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>78820</law_id><section_number>13.1-909</section_number><catch_line>Grounds for judicial dissolution</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>13.1-911</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="13.1">Corporations</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="10">Virginia Nonstock Corporation Act</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="13">Dissolution</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> The <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> <span class="dictionary">court</span> in any city or county described in subsection C may dissolve a <span class="dictionary">corporation</span>: <a id="paragraph-282342" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> In a <span class="dictionary">proceeding</span> by a <span class="dictionary">member</span> or <span class="dictionary">director</span> if it is established that:
				a. The <span class="dictionary">directors</span> are deadlocked in the management of the corporate affairs and irreparable injury to the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> is threatened or being suffered, or the business and affairs of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> can no longer be conducted to the advantage of the <span class="dictionary">members</span> generally, because of the deadlock, and either that the <span class="dictionary">members</span> are unable to break the deadlock or there are no <span class="dictionary">members</span> having voting rights;
				b. The <span class="dictionary">directors</span> or those in control of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> have acted, are acting, or will act in a manner that is illegal, oppressive, or fraudulent;
				c. The <span class="dictionary">members</span> are deadlocked in <span class="dictionary">voting power</span> and have failed, for a period that includes at least two consecutive annual meeting dates, to elect successors to <span class="dictionary">directors</span> whose terms have expired;
				d. The corporate <span class="dictionary">assets</span> are being misapplied or wasted; or
				e. The <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> is unable to carry out its purposes; <a id="paragraph-282343" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#A1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> In a <span class="dictionary">proceeding</span> by a <span class="dictionary">creditor</span> if it is established that:
				a. The <span class="dictionary">creditor</span>&#x2019;s claim has been reduced to <span class="dictionary">judgment</span>, the execution on the <span class="dictionary">judgment</span> returned unsatisfied and the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> is insolvent; or
				b. The <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> has admitted in <span class="dictionary">writing</span> that the <span class="dictionary">creditor</span>&#x2019;s claim is due and owing and the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> is insolvent; <a id="paragraph-282344" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#A2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> In a <span class="dictionary">proceeding</span> by the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> to have its voluntary dissolution continued under <span class="dictionary">court</span> supervision; <a id="paragraph-282345" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#A3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> Upon application by the <span class="dictionary">board of directors</span> when it is established that circumstances make it impossible to obtain a representative vote by <span class="dictionary">members</span> on the question of dissolution and that the continuation of the business of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> is not in the <span class="dictionary">interest</span> of the <span class="dictionary">members</span> but it is in their <span class="dictionary">interest</span> that the <span class="dictionary">assets</span> and business be liquidated; or <a id="paragraph-282346" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#A4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> When the <span class="dictionary">Commission</span> has instituted a <span class="dictionary">proceeding</span> for the involuntary termination of a corporate existence and entered an <span class="dictionary">order</span> <span class="dictionary">finding</span> that the corporate existence of the <span class="dictionary">corporation</span> should be terminated but that <span class="dictionary">liquidation</span> of its business and affairs should precede the entry of an <span class="dictionary">order</span> of termination of corporate existence. <a id="paragraph-282347" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#A5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> The <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> <span class="dictionary">court</span> in the city or county named in subsection C shall have full power to liquidate the <span class="dictionary">assets</span> and business of the corporation at any time after the termination of corporate existence, pursuant to the provisions of this article upon the application of any <span class="dictionary">person</span>, for good cause, with regard to any <span class="dictionary">assets</span> or business that may remain. The <span class="dictionary">jurisdiction</span> conferred by this clause may also be exercised by any such <span class="dictionary">court</span> in any city or county where any property may be situated whether of a domestic or a <span class="dictionary">foreign corporation</span> that ceased to exist. <a id="paragraph-282348" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> <span class="dictionary">Venue</span> for a <span class="dictionary">proceeding</span> brought under this section lies in the city or county where the corporation&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">principal office</span> is or was last located, or, if none in the Commonwealth, where its registered office is or was last located. <a id="paragraph-282349" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> It is not necessary to make directors or <span class="dictionary">members</span> parties to a <span class="dictionary">proceeding</span> to be brought under this section unless relief is sought against them individually. <a id="paragraph-282350" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> A <span class="dictionary">court</span> in a <span class="dictionary">proceeding</span> brought to dissolve a corporation may <span class="dictionary">issue</span> <span class="dictionary">injunctions</span>, appoint a receiver or custodian <span class="dictionary">pendente lite</span> with such powers and duties as the <span class="dictionary">court</span> may direct, take other action required to preserve the corporate <span class="dictionary">assets</span> wherever located, and carry on the business of the corporation until a full <span class="dictionary">hearing</span> can be held. <a id="paragraph-282351" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/13.1-909/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7;&#xA7; 13.1-257, 13.1-260, 13.1-261; 1956, c. 428; 1975, c. 500; 1985, c. 522; 2007, c. 925.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
