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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>85511</law_id><section_number>16.1-122.4</section_number><catch_line>Representation and removal; rights of parties</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="16.1">Courts Not of Record</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="6">Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="5">Small Claims Court</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> All parties shall be represented by themselves in actions before the small claims <span class="dictionary">court</span> except as follows: <a id="paragraph-306330" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-122.4/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> A corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or other legal or commercial entity may be represented by an owner, a general partner, an officer, a member, or an employee of that corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or other legal or commercial entity who shall have all the rights and <span class="dictionary">privileges</span> given an individual to represent, plead, and try a case without an attorney. An attorney may serve in this capacity if he is appearing <span class="dictionary">pro se</span>, but he may not serve in a representative capacity. <a id="paragraph-306331" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-122.4/#A1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> A <span class="dictionary">plaintiff</span> or <span class="dictionary">defendant</span> who, in the <span class="dictionary">judge</span>&#x2019;s <span class="dictionary">opinion</span>, is unable to understand or participate on his own behalf in the <span class="dictionary">hearing</span> may be represented by a friend or relative if the representative is familiar with the <span class="dictionary">facts</span> of the case and is not an attorney. <a id="paragraph-306332" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-122.4/#A2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> A <span class="dictionary">defendant</span> shall have the right to remove the case to the general district <span class="dictionary">court</span> at any point preceding the handing down of the decision by the <span class="dictionary">judge</span> and may be represented by an attorney for that purpose. <a id="paragraph-306333" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-122.4/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1988, c. 799; 1997, c. 243; 2001, c. 74; 2024, c. 58.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
