<?xml version="1.0"?>
<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>56292</law_id><section_number>16.1-69.23</section_number><catch_line>In what cases judge disqualified</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="16.1">Courts Not of Record</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="4.1">District Courts</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="2">Districts; District Courts and Judges</unit></structure><text>
						<section><p>If the <span class="dictionary">judge</span> or substitute <span class="dictionary">judge</span> of any district <span class="dictionary">court</span>:</p></section>
						<section id="1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Be a <span class="dictionary">party</span> to an action; <a id="paragraph-206163" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-69.23/#1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="2"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Be interested in the result of any action, otherwise than as resident or taxpayer of the city or county; <a id="paragraph-206164" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-69.23/#2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Be related to any <span class="dictionary">party</span> to the action as spouse, grandparent, parent, father-in-<span class="dictionary">law</span>, mother-in-<span class="dictionary">law</span>, child, grandchild, son-in-<span class="dictionary">law</span>, daughter-in-<span class="dictionary">law</span>, brother, sister, brother-in-<span class="dictionary">law</span>, sister-in-<span class="dictionary">law</span>, nephew, niece, uncle, aunt, first cousin, guardian or ward; <a id="paragraph-206165" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-69.23/#3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="4"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> Be a <span class="dictionary">material witness</span> for either <span class="dictionary">party</span> to the action; <a id="paragraph-206166" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-69.23/#4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="5"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> Be <span class="dictionary">counsel</span> for any <span class="dictionary">party</span> to the action;
			he shall not take cognizance thereof. <a id="paragraph-206167" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-69.23/#5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
