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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>81566</law_id><section_number>16.1-88.03</section_number><catch_line>Pleadings and other papers by certain parties not represented by attorneys</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>2.2-507</reference><reference>46.2-819.1</reference><reference>46.2-819.3</reference><reference>46.2-819.3:1</reference><reference>55.1-1200</reference><reference>55.1-1257</reference><reference>55.1-1417</reference><reference>8.01-226.12</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="16.1">Courts Not of Record</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="6">Venue, Jurisdiction and Procedure in Civil Matters</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="3">Procedure in Civil Cases</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, limited partnership, professional corporation, professional limited liability company, registered limited liability partnership, registered limited liability limited partnership or business trust, the Fort Monroe Authority, and the Department of Military Affairs, when the amount claimed in any <span class="dictionary">civil action</span> pursuant to subdivision (1) or (3) of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Civil jurisdiction of general district courts; amending amount of claim" href="/16.1-77/">16.1-77</a> does not exceed the jurisdictional amounts authorized in such subsections, exclusive of interest, may prepare, execute, file, and have served on other parties in any proceeding in a general district <span class="dictionary">court</span> a warrant in debt, <span class="dictionary">motion for judgment</span>, warrant in detinue, distress warrant, <span class="dictionary">summons</span> for <span class="dictionary">unlawful detainer</span>, <span class="dictionary">counterclaim</span>, crossclaim, suggestion for <span class="dictionary">summons</span> in <span class="dictionary">garnishment</span>, <span class="dictionary">garnishment</span> <span class="dictionary">summons</span>, <span class="dictionary">order</span> of <span class="dictionary">possession</span>, writ of eviction, <span class="dictionary">writ of fieri facias</span>, <span class="dictionary">interpleader</span> and civil <span class="dictionary">appeal</span> notice without the intervention of an attorney. Such papers may be signed by a corporate officer, a manager of a limited liability company, a general partner of any form of partnership or a trustee of any business trust, or such corporate officer, with the approval of the board of directors, or manager, general partner or trustee may authorize in writing an employee, a person licensed under the provisions of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Licenses required" href="/54.1-2106.1/">54.1-2106.1</a>, or the property manager or the managing agent of a landlord as defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/55.1-1200/">55.1-1200</a> pursuant to the written property management agreement to sign such papers as the agent of the business entity. Only an agency employee designated in writing by the Adjutant General may sign such papers on behalf of the Department of Military Affairs. However, this section shall not apply to an action under subdivision (1) or (3) of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Civil jurisdiction of general district courts; amending amount of claim" href="/16.1-77/">16.1-77</a> which was assigned to a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, limited partnership, professional corporation, professional limited liability company, registered limited liability partnership, registered limited liability limited partnership or business trust, or individual solely for the purpose of enforcing an obligation owed or right inuring to another. <a id="paragraph-292130" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-88.03/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> Nothing in this section shall allow a nonlawyer to file a <span class="dictionary">bill of particulars</span> or grounds of defense or to argue <span class="dictionary">motions</span>, <span class="dictionary">issue</span> a <span class="dictionary">subpoena</span>, rule to show cause, or <span class="dictionary">capias</span>; file or interrogate at debtor <span class="dictionary">interrogatories</span>; or to file, <span class="dictionary">issue</span> or argue any other paper, pleading or proceeding not set forth in subsection A. <a id="paragraph-292131" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-88.03/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> The provisions of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Signing of pleadings, motions, and other papers; oral motions; sanctions" href="/8.01-271.1/">8.01-271.1</a> shall apply to any pleading, motion or other paper filed or made pursuant to this section. <a id="paragraph-292132" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-88.03/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> Parties not represented by <span class="dictionary">counsel</span>, and who have made an <span class="dictionary">appearance</span> in the case, shall promptly notify in writing the <span class="dictionary">clerk of court</span> wherein the <span class="dictionary">litigation</span> is pending, and any adverse <span class="dictionary">party</span>, of any change in the <span class="dictionary">party</span>&#x2019;s address necessary for accurate mailing or service of any <span class="dictionary">pleadings</span> or notices. In the absence of such notification, a mailing to or service upon a <span class="dictionary">party</span> at the most recent address contained in the court file of the case shall be deemed effective service or other notice. <a id="paragraph-292133" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/16.1-88.03/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1990, c. 645; 1992, c. 814; 1993, cc. 473, 478; 2003, cc. 665, 667; 2004, cc. 338, 365; 2005, c. 136; 2006, c. 374; 2017, c. 690; 2019, cc. 180, 477, 700; 2020, cc. 84, 194.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
