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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>54277</law_id><section_number>17.1-402</section_number><catch_line>Sessions; panels; quorum; presiding judges; hearings en banc</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="17.1">Courts of Record</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="4">The Court of Appeals</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> The <span class="dictionary">Court</span> of <span class="dictionary">Appeals</span> shall sit at such locations within the Commonwealth as the <span class="dictionary">chief judge</span>, upon consultation with the other <span class="dictionary">judges</span> of the <span class="dictionary">court</span>, shall designate so as to provide, insofar as feasible, convenient access to the various geographic areas of the Commonwealth. The <span class="dictionary">chief judge</span> shall schedule sessions of the <span class="dictionary">court</span> as required to discharge expeditiously the business of the <span class="dictionary">court</span>. <a id="paragraph-199260" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/17.1-402/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> The <span class="dictionary">Court</span> of <span class="dictionary">Appeals</span> shall sit in <span class="dictionary">panels</span> of at least three <span class="dictionary">judges</span> each. The presence of all <span class="dictionary">judges</span> in the <span class="dictionary">panel</span> shall be necessary to constitute a quorum. The <span class="dictionary">chief judge</span> shall assign the members to <span class="dictionary">panels</span> and, insofar as practicable, rotate the membership of the <span class="dictionary">panels</span>. The <span class="dictionary">chief judge</span> shall preside over any <span class="dictionary">panel</span> of which he is a member and shall designate the presiding <span class="dictionary">judges</span> of the other <span class="dictionary">panels</span>. <a id="paragraph-199261" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/17.1-402/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> Each <span class="dictionary">panel</span> shall hear and determine, independently of the others, the <span class="dictionary">petitions</span> for <span class="dictionary">appeal</span> pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Appeals in criminal matters; cases over which Court of Appeals does not have jurisdiction" href="/17.1-406/">17.1-406</a> or <a class="law" title="When appeal by the Commonwealth allowed" href="/19.2-398/">19.2-398</a> and <span class="dictionary">appeals</span> in criminal and civil cases assigned to that <span class="dictionary">panel</span>. <a id="paragraph-199262" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/17.1-402/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> The <span class="dictionary">Court</span> of <span class="dictionary">Appeals</span> shall sit <span class="dictionary">en banc</span> (i) when there is a dissent in the <span class="dictionary">panel</span> to which the case was originally assigned and an <span class="dictionary">aggrieved party</span> requests an <span class="dictionary">en banc</span> <span class="dictionary">hearing</span> and at least six <span class="dictionary">judges</span> of the <span class="dictionary">court</span> vote in favor of such a <span class="dictionary">hearing</span> or (ii) when any judge of any <span class="dictionary">panel</span> shall certify that in his <span class="dictionary">opinion</span> a decision of such <span class="dictionary">panel</span> of the <span class="dictionary">court</span> is in conflict with a prior decision of the <span class="dictionary">court</span> or of any <span class="dictionary">panel</span> thereof and five other <span class="dictionary">judges</span> of the <span class="dictionary">court</span> concur in that view. The <span class="dictionary">court</span> may sit <span class="dictionary">en banc</span> upon its own <span class="dictionary">motion</span> at any time or upon the <span class="dictionary">petition</span> of any party, in any case in which a majority of the <span class="dictionary">court</span> determines it is appropriate to do so. The <span class="dictionary">court</span> sitting <span class="dictionary">en banc</span> shall consider and decide the case and may <span class="dictionary">overrule</span> any previous decision by any <span class="dictionary">panel</span> or of the full <span class="dictionary">court</span>. <a id="paragraph-199263" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/17.1-402/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> The <span class="dictionary">court</span> may sit <span class="dictionary">en banc</span> with no fewer than 13 <span class="dictionary">judges</span>. In all cases decided by the <span class="dictionary">court</span> <span class="dictionary">en banc</span>, the concurrence of at least a majority of the <span class="dictionary">judges</span> sitting shall be required to <span class="dictionary">reverse</span> a <span class="dictionary">judgment</span>, in whole or in part. <a id="paragraph-199264" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/17.1-402/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1983, c. 413, &#xA7; 17-116.02; 1984, c. 701; 1988, cc. 71, 478; 1998, c. 872; 2000, c. 8; 2001, c. 555; 2008, cc. 54, 156; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 489.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
