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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>69992</law_id><section_number>18.2-265.2</section_number><catch_line>Evidence to be considered in cases under this article</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="18.2">Crimes and Offenses Generally</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="7">Crimes Involving Health and Safety</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="1.1">Drug Paraphernalia</unit></structure><text>
						<section><p>In determining whether an <span class="dictionary">object</span> is drug paraphernalia, the <span class="dictionary">court</span> may consider, in addition to all other relevant <span class="dictionary">evidence</span>, the following:</p></section>
						<section id="1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Constitutionally <span class="dictionary">admissible</span> statements by the <span class="dictionary">accused</span> concerning the use of the <span class="dictionary">object</span>; <a id="paragraph-252878" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="2"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The proximity of the <span class="dictionary">object</span> to marijuana or controlled substances, which proximity is actually known to the <span class="dictionary">accused</span>; <a id="paragraph-252879" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="3"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Instructions, oral or written, provided with the <span class="dictionary">object</span> concerning its use; <a id="paragraph-252880" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="4"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> Descriptive <span class="dictionary">materials</span> accompanying the <span class="dictionary">object</span> which explain or depict its use; <a id="paragraph-252881" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="5"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> National and local advertising within the actual knowledge of the <span class="dictionary">accused</span> concerning its use; <a id="paragraph-252882" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="6"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> The manner in which the <span class="dictionary">object</span> is displayed for sale; <a id="paragraph-252883" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="7"><p><span class="prefix-number">7.</span> Whether the <span class="dictionary">accused</span> is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products; <a id="paragraph-252884" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#7"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="8"><p><span class="prefix-number">8.</span> <span class="dictionary">Evidence</span> of the ratio of sales of the <span class="dictionary">objects</span> defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definition" href="/18.2-265.1/">18.2-265.1</a> to the total sales of the business enterprise; <a id="paragraph-252885" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#8"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="9"><p><span class="prefix-number">9.</span> The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the <span class="dictionary">object</span> in the community; <a id="paragraph-252886" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#9"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="10"><p><span class="prefix-number">10.</span> Expert <span class="dictionary">testimony</span> concerning its use or the purpose for which it was designed; <a id="paragraph-252887" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#10"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="11"><p><span class="prefix-number">11.</span> Relevant <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> of the <span class="dictionary">intent</span> of the <span class="dictionary">accused</span> to deliver it to persons who he knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the <span class="dictionary">object</span> with an illegal drug. The innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the <span class="dictionary">object</span>, as to a direct violation of this article shall not prevent a <span class="dictionary">finding</span> that the <span class="dictionary">object</span> is intended for use or designed for use as drug paraphernalia. <a id="paragraph-252888" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-265.2/#11"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1981, c. 598; 1983, c. 535.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
