<?xml version="1.0"?>
<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>79946</law_id><section_number>18.2-31</section_number><catch_line>Aggravated murder defined; punishment</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>16.1-269.1</reference><reference>17.1-805</reference><reference>18.2-18</reference><reference>18.2-308.2</reference><reference>18.2-32</reference><reference>18.2-33</reference><reference>18.2-50.3</reference><reference>18.2-513</reference><reference>19.2-175</reference><reference>19.2-247</reference><reference>19.2-268.3</reference><reference>19.2-303.6</reference><reference>19.2-310.2:1</reference><reference>19.2-392.02</reference><reference>19.2-71</reference><reference>37.2-900</reference><reference>53.1-204</reference><reference>9.1-902</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="18.2">Crimes and Offenses Generally</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="4">Crimes Against the Person</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="1">Homicide</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> The following <span class="dictionary">offenses</span> shall constitute aggravated <span class="dictionary">murder</span>, punishable as a Class 1 <span class="dictionary">felony</span>: <a id="paragraph-286321" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of any person in the commission of abduction, as defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Abduction with intent to extort money or for immoral purpose" href="/18.2-48/">18.2-48</a>, when such abduction was committed with the <span class="dictionary">intent</span> to extort money or a pecuniary benefit or with the <span class="dictionary">intent</span> to defile the victim of such abduction; <a id="paragraph-286322" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of any person by another for hire; <a id="paragraph-286323" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of any person by a prisoner confined in a state or local correctional facility as defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/53.1-1/">53.1-1</a>, or while in the <span class="dictionary">custody</span> of an employee thereof; <a id="paragraph-286324" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A4" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">4.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of any person in the commission of <span class="dictionary">robbery</span> or attempted <span class="dictionary">robbery</span>; <a id="paragraph-286325" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A4"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A5" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">5.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of any person in the commission of, or subsequent to, <span class="dictionary">rape</span> or attempted <span class="dictionary">rape</span>, forcible sodomy, or attempted forcible sodomy or <span class="dictionary">object</span> sexual penetration; <a id="paragraph-286326" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A5"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A6" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">6.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of a <span class="dictionary">law</span>-enforcement officer as defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="(Effective July 1, 2026) Definitions" href="/9.1-101/">9.1-101</a>, a fire marshal appointed pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Appointment of fire marshal" href="/27-30/">27-30</a> or a deputy or an assistant fire marshal appointed pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Appointment, powers and duties of assistant fire marshals" href="/27-36/">27-36</a>, when such fire marshal or deputy or assistant fire marshal has police powers as set forth in &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Power to arrest, to procure and serve warrants and to issue summons; limitation on authority" href="/27-34.2/">27-34.2</a> and <a class="law" title="Police powers of fire marshals" href="/27-34.2_1/">27-34.2:1</a>, an auxiliary police officer appointed or provided for pursuant to &#xA7;&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Establishment, etc., authorized; powers, authority and immunities generally" href="/15.2-1731/">15.2-1731</a> and <a class="law" title="Appointment of auxiliary police officers; revocation of appointment; uniform; organization; rules and regulations" href="/15.2-1733/">15.2-1733</a>, an auxiliary deputy sheriff appointed pursuant to &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Appointment of deputies; their powers; how removed" href="/15.2-1603/">15.2-1603</a>, or any <span class="dictionary">law</span>-enforcement officer of another state or the United States having the power to <span class="dictionary">arrest</span> for a <span class="dictionary">felony</span> under the <span class="dictionary">laws</span> of such state or the United States, when such killing is for the purpose of interfering with the performance of his official duties; <a id="paragraph-286327" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A6"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A7" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">7.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of more than one person as a part of the same act or transaction; <a id="paragraph-286328" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A7"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A8" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">8.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of more than one person within a three-year period; <a id="paragraph-286329" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A8"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A9" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">9.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of any person in the commission of or attempted commission of a violation of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Manufacturing, selling, giving, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, sell, give, or distribute a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance prohibited; penalties" href="/18.2-248/">18.2-248</a>, involving a Schedule I or II controlled substance, when such killing is for the purpose of furthering the commission or attempted commission of such violation; <a id="paragraph-286330" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A9"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A10" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">10.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of any person by another pursuant to the direction or <span class="dictionary">order</span> of one who is engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise as defined in subsection I of &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Manufacturing, selling, giving, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, sell, give, or distribute a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance prohibited; penalties" href="/18.2-248/">18.2-248</a>; <a id="paragraph-286331" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A10"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A11" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">11.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of a pregnant woman by one who knows that the woman is pregnant and has the <span class="dictionary">intent</span> to cause the involuntary termination of the woman&#x2019;s pregnancy without a live birth; <a id="paragraph-286332" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A11"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A12" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">12.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of a person under the age of 14 by a person age 21 or older; <a id="paragraph-286333" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A12"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A13" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">13.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of any person by another in the commission of or attempted commission of an act of terrorism as defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/18.2-46.4/">18.2-46.4</a>; <a id="paragraph-286334" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A13"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A14" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">14.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of a justice of the Supreme <span class="dictionary">Court</span>, a <span class="dictionary">judge</span> of the <span class="dictionary">Court</span> of <span class="dictionary">Appeals</span>, a <span class="dictionary">judge</span> of a <span class="dictionary">circuit</span> <span class="dictionary">court</span> or district <span class="dictionary">court</span>, a retired <span class="dictionary">judge</span> sitting by designation or under temporary recall, or a substitute <span class="dictionary">judge</span> appointed under &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Appointment, terms, etc., of substitute judges" href="/16.1-69.9_1/">16.1-69.9:1</a> when the killing is for the purpose of interfering with his official duties as a <span class="dictionary">judge</span>; and <a id="paragraph-286335" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A14"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="A15" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">15.</span> The willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing of any <span class="dictionary">witness</span> in a criminal case after a <span class="dictionary">subpoena</span> has been issued for such <span class="dictionary">witness</span> by the <span class="dictionary">court</span>, the clerk, or an attorney, when the killing is for the purpose of interfering with the person&#x2019;s duties in such case. <a id="paragraph-286336" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#A15"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> For a violation of subdivision A 6 where the offender was 18 years of age or older at the time of the <span class="dictionary">offense</span>, the punishment shall be no less than a mandatory minimum term of confinement for life. <a id="paragraph-286337" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> If any one or more subsections, sentences, or parts of this section shall be judged unconstitutional or invalid, such adjudication shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remaining provisions thereof but shall be confined in its operation to the specific provisions so held unconstitutional or invalid. <a id="paragraph-286338" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-31/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>Code 1950, &#xA7;&#xA7; 18.1-21, 53-291; 1960, c. 358; 1962, c. 42; 1966, c. 300; 1970, c. 648; 1973, c. 403; 1975, cc. 14, 15; 1976, c. 503; 1977, c. 478; 1979, c. 582; 1980, c. 221; 1981, c. 607; 1982, c. 636; 1983, c. 175; 1985, c. 428; 1988, c. 550; 1989, c. 527; 1990, c. 746; 1991, c. 232; 1995, c. 340; 1996, cc. 876, 959; 1997, cc. 235, 313, 514, 709; 1998, c. 887; 2002, cc. 588, 623; 2007, cc. 844, 845, 846; 2010, cc. 399, 428, 475; 2019, cc. 717, 835; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 344, 345.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
