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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>79274</law_id><section_number>18.2-386.1</section_number><catch_line>Unlawful creation of image of another; penalty</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>16.1-69.55</reference><reference>19.2-249.2</reference><reference>19.2-268.3</reference><reference>19.2-392.02</reference><reference>19.2-8</reference><reference>63.2-1605</reference><reference>8.01-40.4</reference><reference>9.1-902</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="18.2">Crimes and Offenses Generally</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="8">Crimes Involving Morals and Decency</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="5">Obscenity and Related Offenses</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly and intentionally create any videographic or still image by any means whatsoever of any nonconsenting person if (i) that person is totally nude, clad in undergarments, or in a state of undress so as to expose the genitals, pubic area, buttocks or female breast in a restroom, dressing room, locker room, hotel room, motel room, tanning bed, tanning booth, bedroom or other location; or (ii) the videographic or still image is created by placing the lens or image-gathering component of the recording device in a position directly beneath or between a person&#x2019;s legs for the purpose of capturing an image of the person&#x2019;s intimate parts or undergarments covering those intimate parts when the intimate parts or undergarments would not otherwise be visible to the general public; and when the circumstances set forth in clause (i) or (ii) are otherwise such that the person being recorded would have a reasonable expectation of privacy. <a id="paragraph-283839" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-386.1/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> The provisions of this section shall not apply to any videographic or still image created by any means whatsoever by (i) <span class="dictionary">law</span>-enforcement officers pursuant to a criminal investigation which is otherwise lawful or (ii) correctional officials and local or regional jail officials for security purposes or for investigations of alleged misconduct involving a person committed to the Department of Corrections or to a local or regional jail, or to any sound recording of an oral conversation made as a result of any videotaping or filming pursuant to Chapter 6 (&#xA7; <a class="law" title="Definitions" href="/19.2-61/">19.2-61</a> et seq.) of Title 19.2. <a id="paragraph-283840" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-386.1/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> A violation of subsection A shall be punishable as a Class 1 <span class="dictionary">misdemeanor</span>. <a id="paragraph-283841" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-386.1/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> A violation of subsection A involving a nonconsenting person under the age of 18 shall be punishable as a Class 6 <span class="dictionary">felony</span>. <a id="paragraph-283842" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-386.1/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="E"><p><span class="prefix-number">E.</span> Where it is alleged in the warrant, information, or <span class="dictionary">indictment</span> on which the person is convicted and found by the <span class="dictionary">court</span> or <span class="dictionary">jury</span> trying the case that the person has previously been convicted within the 10-year period immediately preceding the <span class="dictionary">offense</span> charged of two or more of the <span class="dictionary">offenses</span> specified in this section, each such <span class="dictionary">offense</span> occurring on a different date, and when such <span class="dictionary">offenses</span> were not part of a common act, transaction, or scheme, and such person has been at liberty as defined in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Eligibility for parole" href="/53.1-151/">53.1-151</a> between each <span class="dictionary">conviction</span>, he shall be guilty of a Class 6 <span class="dictionary">felony</span>. <a id="paragraph-283843" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-386.1/#E"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1994, c. 640; 2004, c. 844; 2005, c. 375; 2008, c. 732; 2014, c. 399.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
