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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>86316</law_id><section_number>18.2-423.1</section_number><catch_line>Placing Nazi symbol or emblem on certain property with intent to intimidate; penalty; prima facie evidence of intent</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><referred_to_by><reference>17.1-805</reference><reference>19.2-392.02</reference><reference>53.1-202.3</reference><reference>53.1-40.02</reference></referred_to_by><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="18.2">Crimes and Offenses Generally</unit><unit label="chapter" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="9">Crimes Against Peace and Order</unit><unit label="article" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="5">Activities Tending to Cause Violence</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> It is unlawful for any person or persons, with the <span class="dictionary">intent</span> of intimidating another person or group of persons, to place or cause to be placed a Hakenkreuz, hooked cross, or Nazi symbol or emblem, sometimes referred to as the Nazi swastika, on (i) any church, synagogue, or other building or place used for religious worship; (ii) any school, educational facility, or community center owned or operated by a church or religious body; or (iii) the private property of another without permission. <a id="paragraph-309133" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-423.1/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> It is unlawful for any person or persons, with the <span class="dictionary">intent</span> of intimidating another person or group of persons, to place or cause to be placed a Hakenkreuz, hooked cross, or Nazi symbol or emblem, sometimes referred to as the Nazi swastika, on a highway or other public place in a manner having a direct tendency to place another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of death or bodily injury. <a id="paragraph-309134" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-423.1/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> A violation of this section is punishable as a Class 6 <span class="dictionary">felony</span>. <a id="paragraph-309135" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-423.1/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="D"><p><span class="prefix-number">D.</span> For the purposes of this section, any such placing of a Hakenkreuz, hooked cross, or Nazi symbol or emblem, sometimes referred to as the Nazi swastika, shall be prima facie <span class="dictionary">evidence</span> of an <span class="dictionary">intent</span> to intimidate another person or group of persons. However, these terms do not include and are distinct from the sacred swastika word and symbol of peace and prosperity used by Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, or Native American religions. <a id="paragraph-309136" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/18.2-423.1/#D"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>1983, c. 337; 2025, c. 673.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
