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<law><site_title>Virginia Decoded</site_title><site_url>https://vacode.org</site_url><law_id>62369</law_id><section_number>28.2-1106</section_number><catch_line>Liability limited; liability actions prohibited</catch_line><edition url="https://vacode.org/2025/" slug="2025" current="TRUE" last_updated="">2025</edition><structure><unit label="title" level="1" order_by="1" identifier="28.2">Fisheries and Habitat of the Tidal Waters</unit><unit label="subtitle" level="2" order_by="1" identifier="II">Tidal Fisheries</unit><unit label="chapter" level="3" order_by="1" identifier="11.1">Marine Tourism Activity Liability</unit></structure><text>
						<section id="A"><p><span class="prefix-number">A.</span> Except as provided in subsection B, a <span class="dictionary">marine tourism professional</span> is not liable for injury to or death of a <span class="dictionary">participant</span> resulting from the inherent risks of marine tourism activities, so long as the warning contained in &#xA7; <a class="law" title="Warning required" href="/28.2-1107/">28.2-1107</a> is posted as required, and, except as provided in subsection B, no <span class="dictionary">participant</span> or <span class="dictionary">participant</span>&#x2019;s representative is authorized to maintain an action against or recover from a <span class="dictionary">marine tourism professional</span> for injury, loss, damage, or death of the <span class="dictionary">participant</span> resulting exclusively from any of the inherent risks of marine tourism activities; provided that in any action for <span class="dictionary">damages</span> against a <span class="dictionary">marine tourism professional</span> for marine tourism activities, the <span class="dictionary">marine tourism professional</span> shall plead the <span class="dictionary">affirmative defense</span> of assumption of the risk of the <span class="dictionary">marine tourism activity</span> by the <span class="dictionary">participant</span>. <a id="paragraph-227472" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/28.2-1106/#A"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B"><p><span class="prefix-number">B.</span> Nothing in subsection A shall prevent or limit the liability of a <span class="dictionary">marine tourism professional</span> if the <span class="dictionary">marine tourism professional</span> does any one or more of the following: <a id="paragraph-227473" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/28.2-1106/#B"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B1" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">1.</span> Commits an act or omission that constitutes <span class="dictionary">negligence</span> or willful or wanton disregard for the safety of the <span class="dictionary">participant</span>, and that act or omission proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the <span class="dictionary">participant</span>; <a id="paragraph-227474" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/28.2-1106/#B1"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B2" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">2.</span> Has actual knowledge or reasonably should have known of a dangerous condition on the land or water, or in the facilities or equipment used in the activity, or the dangerous propensity of a particular marine product used in such activity and does not make the danger known to the <span class="dictionary">participant</span>, and the danger proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the <span class="dictionary">participant</span>; or <a id="paragraph-227475" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/28.2-1106/#B2"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="B3" class="indent-1"><p><span class="prefix-number">3.</span> Intentionally injures the <span class="dictionary">participant</span>. <a id="paragraph-227476" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/28.2-1106/#B3"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section>
						<section id="C"><p><span class="prefix-number">C.</span> Any limitation on legal liability afforded by this section to a <span class="dictionary">marine tourism professional</span> is in addition to any other limitations of legal liability otherwise provided by <span class="dictionary">law</span>. <a id="paragraph-227477" class="section-permalink" href="https://vacode.org/28.2-1106/#C"><i class="fa fa-link"/></a></p></section></text><history>2009, c. 329.</history><metadata></metadata></law>
